Introduction
This is quite a large family with a number of borrowings into other language families. Because, it turns out, the Indo-European speakers' relationship with wheels is pretty important in a lot of people's history, like the Sumerians' relationship with reeds.
There is also a root *wel(h₁)-: "to turn, to wind, to eddy", which it's hard to argue is completely unrelated to *kʷel(h₁)-: "to roll, to turn"! But doing they're both quite big families, and I ran out of time to do them both at once. The *wel(h₁)- family includes words like waltz, walk, revolution, vulgar, and helicopter.
Teaser
pole,
culture,
wheel,
cycle,
collar,
palimpsest,
lord
Full Text
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁- to roll, to turn
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷélh₁eti rolls, travels primary verb
- Albanian sjell to turn, to bring, to dawdle
-
Hellenic *kʷélō
-
Ancient Greek πέλω pélō to go, to become, to be
-
Ancient Greek πάλαι pálai gone, far away, long ago
-
Indo-Iranian *čárati
-
Indo-Aryan *ćárati
-
Sanskrit चरति cárati moves, walks, wanders, directs, behaves
-
Iranian *čárati
- Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬍 carānī I move, I approach
-
Northern Iranian
-
Alanian
- Ossetian цӕрын cæryn I live
- Pashto څرېدل caredal to take to pasture, to set to graze
-
Western Iranian
-
Northwestern Iranian
- Kurdish çerîn to set to graze
-
Old Persian
- Persian چریدن to take to pasture, to set to graze
-
Italic *kʷelō
-
Latin colō I plow, I cultivate, I inhabit, I worship
-
Latin -cola inhabitor, cultivator, worshipper
-
Latin agricola farmer lit. "field-turner"
-
Latin Agricola Farmer personal or family name
- French agricole agricultural
-
Latin colōnus farmer, inhabitant, colonist
-
Western Romance
- French colon colonist, colonizer, camper, sharecropper
- Italian colono colonist, settler, farmer
- Spanish colono colonist, settler, farmer
-
Latin colōnia colony, settlement, estate
-
Italic *inkʷelō
-
Italic *inkʷelīnos
- Latin inquilīnus sojourner, tenant, of foreign origin
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁esyeti
-
Hellenic *kʷeléyyō
- Ancient Greek τελέω teléō I complete, I fulfill, I perform
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷólh₁os
-
Hellenic *kʷólos
-
Ancient Greek πόλος pólos axle, pivot, hinge
-
Greek πόλος pólos pole (of an axis or battery)
- Greek Βόρειος Πόλος North Pole
-
Latin polus pole (of an axis)
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷl̥h₁tós turned adjective
-
Italic *kʷəltos
-
Latin cultus tilled, cultivated, nurtured, worshipped, religious group
-
French culte
-
Latin cultūra care, cultuivation, agriculture, culture
-
French culture
- Italian cultura
- Spanish cultura
-
Latin agricultūra
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷélh₁os
-
Hellenic *kʷélos
-
Ancient Greek τέλος télos completion, fulfillment, result, end, death, highest authority, taxes
- Greek τέλος end, finish
-
Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs Best-Result (personal name)
-
Latin Aristotelēs Aristotle
- English tele(o)-
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁om
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlh₁os
-
Anatolian *kuakula?? wheels (collective)
- Hittite 𒆪𒄢𒆷 KU.GUL.LA donut
- Sumerian 𒇀 GIGIR chariot
-
Northwest Semitic *GLGL wheels, rolling
- Hebrew גַּלְגַּל gálgal wheel
- Hebrew הִתְגַּלְגֵּל hitgalgél to roll
-
Balto-Slavic *kaklas neck
-
Eastern Baltic
- Lithuanian kãklas neck, collar
-
Finnic *kakla
-
Germanic *hwehwlã wheel
-
North Germanic
-
Old Norse hvél
- Icelandic hvel wheel, disk, circle
-
Germanic *hweulō wheels
-
North Germanic
-
Old Norse hjól wheel
- Danish hjul wheel
-
Icelandic hjól wheel, tire
- Icelandic reiðhjól bicycle
-
West Germanic
-
Old English hwēol wheel
-
Frankish *wiol
-
Hellenic
-
Ancient Greek κῠ́κλος kúklos circle, wheel, crowd, sphere
- Greek κύκλος kýklos circle, cycle, course
-
Latin cyclus circle, cycle
-
French cycle
-
English cycle
-
French bicycle
- French bicyclette
- English bicycle
- Italian ciclo
- Spanish ciclo
-
English Kuklos Adelphon
-
Ancient Greek κυκλόω kuklóō to go in a circle, to surround
-
Ancient Greek Κύκλωψ Kúklōps cyclops partly
-
Indo-Iranian *čakrám wheel
-
Indo-Aryan *ćakrám
-
Sanskrit चक्र cakrá wheel, circle, cycle
-
Magadhi
-
Pali cakka wheel, circle, cycle, command
- Burmese စက် cak circle, wheel, cycle, machine
- Thai จักร jàk wheel, circle, gear, chakra, realm
-
Sauraseni
-
Madhya
- Hindi चक्कर cakkar circle, curve, roundabout
- Telugu చక్రము cakramu wheel
- English chakra
- English chakram
-
Sanskrit चक्रवर्तिन् cakravartin
-
Iranian *čaxrám
- Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 caxra wheel
-
Northern Iranian
- Pashto څرخ carx
-
Western Iranian
-
Northwestern Iranian
- Balochi چہر čahr
- Kurdish çerx wheel
-
Old Persian
- Persian چرخ čarx wheel, cart, spool, pulley
-
Iranian *čaxrákah spinning wheel
-
Western Iranian
-
Northwestern Iranian
-
Old Persian
- Persian چرخه čarxe spinning wheel
-
Finnic *kecrä spindle, wheel, flywheel
- Finnish kehrä spindle, disk of the Sun or Moon
- Finnish kekri harvest festival "turning of the year?"
- Phrygian κίκλην kíklēn
-
Tocharian *kukäle
- Arshian kukäl wagon, cart
- Kushean kokale wagon, cart
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷólh₁os
-
Balto-Slavic *kalas
- Slavic *kȍlo wheel, circle
-
Celtic *kʷolos
-
Old Irish cul chariot?
- Old Irish culgaire chariot noise with gaire: "call, shout"
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷolh₁som
-
Italic *kʷolsom
-
Latin collum neck
- Sardinian coddu neck
-
Western Romance
-
Old French col
- French cou neck
- French col collar, neck (of a vase, etc.)
- Italian collo neck, collar, package
- Spanish cuello neck, collar
-
Latin collāris of the neck, collared
-
Old French coler
- French colier
-
English collar
- Irish coiléar collar, truss
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷolh₁sos
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷl̥h₁is
-
Hellenic
-
Ancient Greek *pális back, reverse "turned part"
-
Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν pálin backwards, again
- Greek πάλι páli again
- Coptic ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ palin again
-
Ancient Greek πᾰλῐ́μψηστος palímpsēstos re-scraped
-
Latin palimpsēstus manuscript scraped clean for re-use, palimpsest
-
Proto-Indo-European ?
-
Tocharian
- Kushean kleŋke wagon
-
Old Chinese *kla chariot
-
Middle Chinese 車 kɨʌ chariot (xiangqi), rook (chess)
- Mandarin 車 jū
- Wu 車 geoi¹
- Yue 車 jy¹
-
Old Chinese *kʰlja chariot, cart
-
Middle Chinese 車 t͡ɕʰia chariot, cart, vehicle, machine
- Mandarin 車 chē chariot, cart, vehicle, machine
- Wu 車 tsho¹ chariot, cart, vehicle, machine
- Yue 車 ce¹ chariot, cart, vehicle, machine
- Japanese 車 sha vehicle
- Korean 차 cha vehicle
- Old Chinese 轂 *kloːɡ hub, wheel, chariot
-
Uralic *kulke- to go, to walk
-
Finno-Ugric
-
Finnic *kulkedak
- Finnish kulkea to go, to walk, to travel
-
Ugric
- Hungarian halad to proceed, to advance
-
Samoyedic
- Nenets хуˮла χūllā to drift
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷlewt- to turn, to change a new root re-analyzed from a zero-grade form?
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷlutsḱéti iterative verb
-
Tocharian *klutk-
- Arshian lutk- to make, to change, to become, to turn into
- Kushean klutk- to make, to change, to become, to turn into
-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷlewtsm̥
- Albanian qeshë was suppletive past tense of jam
-
Proto-Indo-European *kleyp-? (flat) bread
-
Balto-Slavic
-
East Baltic
- Lithuanian kliẽpas loaf of bread
-
Germanic *hlaibaz
-
East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 hlaifs bread
-
Slavic *xlě̀bъ
-
East Slavic хлѣбъ xlěbŭ
- Russian хлеб xleb bread, loaf, living
-
South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic хлѣбъ xlěbŭ bread, loaf
- Serbo-Croatian хље̏б hljȅb bread, loaf
-
West Slavic
-
North Germanic
-
Old Norse hleifr loaf
- Danish lev
- Icelandic hleifur loaf (of bread)
-
West Germanic
-
Old English hlāf bread, loaf
- English loaf
- Scots laif
-
Old English hlǣfdīġe mistress of a household lit. "bread-kneader"
-
Old English hlāfweard master of a houshold lit. "bread-guard"
-
Finnic *laipa
-
Samic *lājpē
- Northern Sami láibi bread
-
Hellenic
-
Ancient Greek κρῑ́βᾰνος krī́banos bread pan, bread oven also appears as klī́banos
- Greek Κλίβανος furnace
- Latin clībanus breadpan, oven, furnace
Visual

Collected English words
paleo-,
Agricola,
colony,
pole,
cult,
culture,
agriculture,
Aristotle,
tele(o)-,
wheel,
cycle,
bicycle,
Kuklos Adelphon,
Ku Klux Klan,
cyclone,
cyclops,
chakra,
chakram,
chakravartin,
collar,
palimpsest,
loaf,
lady,
lord
Footnotes