December theme: Pre-Classical Mediterranean 🏝

Teaser

Europe, Maghreb, Arabia, Erebus

Full Text

• Semitic *[ʕ/ġ]rb to depart, to set

  • Central Semitic

    • Arabic ġaraba
    • Northwest Semitic

      • Aramaic ערובה ʿrōbā sunset, evening, (Sabbath) eve
      • Canaanite

        • Phoenician *'irōb

          • Homeric Greek Εὐρώπη Eurṓpē Western shore of the Aegean,\nmainland Greece\n(as opposed to Pelopennese or the islands)

            • Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη Eurṓpē Land north of the Mediterranean Sea \nand west of the Aegean and Black Seas,\nEurope, Europa

              • Greek Ευρώπη Evrópi Europe, Europa
              • Latin Europa

                • Western Romance

                  • French Europe

                    • English Europe

                      • Hindi यूरोप yūrop
                      • Korean 유럽 Yureop
                  • Italian Europa
                  • Portuguese Europa

                    • Japanese ヨーロッパ Yōroppa
                  • Spanish Europa
                • Arabic أُورُوبَّا ʾūrūbbā
                • Chinese 歐羅巴 Europa, Europe (archaic)

                  • Mandarian 歐羅巴 Ōuluóbā

                    • Mandarian 歐洲 Ōuzhōu Europe
                • English Europa
                • German Europa
              • Russian Европа Jevropa Europe
            • Punic *ʿarb

              • Latin arbiter

                • Western Romance

                  • French arbitre mediator, arbitrator, referee

                    • English arbiter
                  • Italian arbitro referee, umpire, arbitrator
                  • Spanish árbitro referee
    • Central Semitic *ma-grb place of sunset, western place, the west locative

      • Arabic مَغْرِب maḡrib place or time of sunset, west, evening

        • Arabic الْمَغْرِب al-maḡrib The Maghreb, Morocco
        • English Maghreb
    • Northwest Semitic

      • Aramaic

        • Classical Syriac ܡܰܥܪܒܐ ma‑arba west, occident, sunset, western sky, west wind
      • Canaanite

        • Hebrew מַעֲרָב ma‑ārov the west, occident
    • Central Semitic ? surety, pledge (money before you leave)?

      • Arabic
      • Northwest Semitic

        • Hebrew ערבון erabon guarantee
        • Phoenician

          • Ancient Greek ἀρραβών arrabōn pledge, surety, deposit, down payment

            • Greek αρραβώνας arravónas engagement, betrothal, deposit, earnest money
            • Latin arrhabō

              • Latin arrha

                • Western Romance

                  • French arrhes down payment, deposit

                    • English earnest
  • East Semitic

    • Akkadian 𒌅 erēbu to go down, to set, to enter

      • Akkadian Ereb night, sunset, the west in contrast to sunrise/east: Asu (Asia?

        • Arabic عَرَب ʿarab Arab

          • Aramaic

            • Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 Arabāya Arabia
            • Ancient Greek Ἄρᾰψ Áraps Arab, Arabian

              • Greek Άραβας Áravas Arab
              • Ancient Greek Ἀρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Arabíā Arabia

                • Greek Αραβία Aravía Arabia
                • Latin Arabia Arabia

                  • English Arabia
                  • French Arabie
                  • Italian Arabia
                  • Spanish Arabia
                  • Yiddish אַראַביע arabye
          • Chinese 阿拉伯 Ālābó Arabia
          • Hebrew עֲרָב aráv Arabia
          • Persian عرب 'arab Arab, Arabian

            • Persian عربستان 'arabestân Arabia

              • Turkish Arabistan Arabia
          • Somali Carabiya Arabia
          • Swahili Uarabuni Arabia
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₁régʷos darkness

    • Old Armenian երեկ erek evening, west, evening star (Venus)

      • Old Armenian երեկոյ erekoy evening

        • Armenian երեկո ereko evening
      • Old Armenian երէկ erēk yesterday

        • Armenian երեկ erek yesterday
    • Germanic *rekwaz darkness

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic

          • Ostrogothic 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐍃 riqis darkness
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse røkkr twilight

          • Icelandic rökkur twilight
    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek Ἔρεβος Érebos primordial divinity of darkness

        • Latin Erebus

          • English Erebus
    • Indo-Iranian *Hráǰas

      • Indo-Aryan *Hráȷ́as

        • Sanskrit रजस् rájas darkness, dust, space between heaven and earth
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₁regʷesyéti to be getting dark

      • Germanic *rikwizjaną to get dark

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic

            • Ostrogothic 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 riqizjan to become dark, to darken
      • Indo-Iranian *Hraǰasyáti

        • Indo-Aryan *Hraȷ́asyáti

          • Sanskrit रजस्यति rajasyáti to become dust, to be scattered

Visual

Collected English words

Europe, Europa, Maghreb, arbiter, earnest, Arabia, Erebus