Introduction

Democracy is Hard.

Teaser

Hippocratic Oath, democracy, hard, Richard

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *kret- strength, power

  • Proto-Indo-European *krétus

    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek κρατύς kratús
    • Indo-Iranian *krátuš power, capability, intelligence

      • Indo-Aryan *krátuṣ

        • Sanskrit क्रतु krátu intelligence, plan, power, ability
      • Iranian *xrátuh
      • Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 xratu intelligence, thought, guidance
      • Western Iranian

        • Northwestern Iranian

          • Medean *xratu

            • Old Persian 𐎧𐎼𐎬 x-r-tu

              • Persian خرد xerad judgment, intellect, wisdom
              • Old Armenian խրատ xrat advice, judgment, correction, punishment, discipline, education

                • Armenian խրատ xrat admonition, advice, lesson, punishment
  • Proto-Indo-European *krétos

    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek κράτος krátos strength, power, rulership, valour, violence

        • Greek κράτος krátos state (sovereign country)
        • Ancient Greek Ναύκρᾰτῐς Naúkratis Ship-Command (place name)

          • Greek Ναύκρατις Náfkratis
          • Egyptian 𓊖𓂓𓂋𓍿𓊖 nwtkꜣrṯ
          • Latin Naucratis
        • Ancient Greek Ῐ̔πποκρᾰ́της Hippokrátēs Horse-Power (personal name)

          • Greek Ιπποκράτης Ippokrátis
          • Latin Hippocratēs

            • English Hippocrates

              • English Hippocratic Oath
        • Ancient Greek Σωκρᾰ́της Sōkrátēs Safety-Power (personal name)

          • Arabic سُقْرَاط suqrāṭ

            • Persian سقراط soqrât

              • Hindi सुक़रात suqrāt
          • Chinese 苏格拉底 sū gé lā dǐ
          • Latin Sōcratēs

            • English Socrates
        • Ancient Greek Ξενοκρᾰ́της Xenokrátēs Guest-Power (personal name)
        • Ancient Greek -κρατία -kratía

          • Ancient Greek ἀριστοκρατίᾱ aristokratíā

            • English aristocracy
          • Ancient Greek αὐτοκρατία autokratía

            • English autocracy
            • Ancient Greek αὐτοκρατορία autokratoría

              • Greek αυτοκρατορία aftokratoría empire
          • Ancient Greek δημοκρατία democracy, popular government lit. "rule of the people"

            • Greek δημοκρατία dimokratía democracy, republic
            • Latin dēmocratia

              • Old French

                • French démocratie
                • English democracy
          • English -cracy
  • Proto-Indo-European *kortús

    • Germanic *harduz brave, strong, hard, hardy

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 hardus hard
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse harðr hard, hardy, stern, severe

          • Danish hård hard, tough, harsh, severe
          • Icelandic harður severe, harsh, stubborn, remorseless
      • West Germanic

        • Old English heard hard, harsh, severe, hardy, brave, stubborn

          • English hard
        • Frankish *hard

          • Dutch
        • Old High German hart

          • German hart hard, severe, harsh
          • Yiddish האַרט hart tough
      • Finnic *hardas

        • Finnish harras earnest, devout, pious
      • Germanic *hardijanã to make hard, to harden, to strengthen

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 gahardjan to harden
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse herða to harden, to temper, to embolden, to encourage

            • Icelandic herða to harden, to tighten
        • West Germanic

          • Old English hierdan to harden, to strengthen, to tighten, to embolden

            • English harden
          • Frankish

            • Dutch harden to harden, to temper, to endure
            • Old French hardir to harden

              • Old French hardi hardy, tough, brave

                • French hardi bold, brave
                • English hardy
          • Old High German herten

            • German härten to solidify, to harden, to set
        • Finno-Samic

          • Finnic *kärcidäk to endure, to suffer

            • Finnish kärsiä to suffer from, to experience, to undergo
          • Samic *kiertëtēk to suffer

            • Northern Sami gierdat to suffer, to endure, to withstand
      • Germanic *Bernuharduz Bear-Brave (personal name)

        • West Germanic

          • Frankish

            • Latin Bernardus

              • French Bernard
              • English Bernard
              • Italian Bernardo
          • Old High German Bernhart

            • German Bernhard
      • Germanic *Gaizaharduz Spear-Brave (personal name)

        • West Germanic

          • Frankish

            • Dutch Gerart
            • French Gérard

              • English Gerard

                • English Garrett
          • Old High German

            • German Gerhard
      • Germanic *Leonharduz Lion-Brave (personal name)

        • West Germanic

          • Frankish

            • French Léonard

              • English Leonard
            • Italian Leonardo
      • Germanic *Raginaharduz Advice-Brave (personal name)

        • West Germanic

          • Frankish

            • Dutch Reinaart

              • English Reynard
            • Old French Renart

              • French renard fox after the medieval cycle of Reynard the Fox
              • English Reynard
      • Germanic *Rīkaharduz King-Brave (personal name)

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse Ríkharðr

            • Icelandic Ríkharður
        • West Germanic

          • Frankish *Rīkahard

            • French Richard

              • English Richard

                • English Rick

                  • English Dick

                    • English dick
                    • English Dixon

                      • English Dixie
                  • English Hick

                    • English Hitchcock
                    • English hick
                • Welsh Richard

                  • Welsh ap Richard

                    • English Prichard
            • Spanish Ricardo
          • Old High German

            • German Rikard
      • Germanic *Wiljaharduz Will-Brave (personal name)

        • West Germanic

          • Old English Wilheard

            • English Willard
  • Proto-Indo-European *kr̥teros

    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek καρτερός karterós strong, steadfast, obstinate, violent

Visual

Collected English words

Hippocrates, Hippocratic Oath, Socrates, aristocracy, autocracy, democracy, -cracy, hard, harden, hardy, Bernard, Gerard, Garrett, Leonard, Reynard, Reynard, Richard, Rick, Dick, dick, Dixon, Dixie, Hick, Hitchcock, hick, Prichard, Willard