Teaser

creole, create, crescent, kore, cereal

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *ḱer(h₁)- to grow, to increase

  • Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁eh₂yé-ti to make grow transitive

    • Italic *krēāō

      • Latin creō I create, I give birth to, I prepare, I choose

        • Western Romance

          • French créer to create
          • Italian creare to create, to appoint, to set up
          • Spanish criar to rear (a child)
          • Portuguese criar

            • Portuguese cria one who is raise, offspring, kid, ward

              • Portuguese crioulo someone raised in the colonies, creole

                • Spanish criollo someone raised in the colonies, creole

                  • English creole
        • Spanish crear to create reborrowed from Latin
        • Latin creātus created, begotten, chosen

          • English create
  • Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁sḱé-ti to be growing iterative/continuative

    • Italic *krēskō

      • Latin crēscō I increase, I thrive, I become visible

        • Sardinian creschi
        • Eastern Romance

          • Romanian crește grow, increase, raise, cultivate
        • Western Romance

          • French croître to grow
          • Italian crescere to grow
          • Spanish crecer to grow
        • Latin accrēscō

          • Western Romance

            • French accroître to increase

              • French accrû increased past participle

                • English accrue
            • Italian accrescere to increase
            • Spanish acrecer to increase
          • Latin accrētiō increment

            • English accretion
          • Latin concrēscō I thicken, condense, curdle, stiffen, congeal

            • Latin concrētus condensed, thick, hardened, solid past participle

              • English concrete ^[1]
        • Latin dēcrēscō

          • Western Romance

            • French décroître to decrease

              • English decrease
        • Latin incrēscō I grow in, I swell

          • Western Romance

            • Old French encroistre to increase

              • Anglo-Norman encreistre to increase

                • English increase
            • Italian increscere to regret
          • Latin incrēmentum growth, development, increment

            • English increment
        • Latin crēscēns increasing, thriving, becoming visible active participle

          • Western Romance

            • French croissant crescent, crescent moon, croissant

              • English crescent
              • English croissant
            • Italian crescente growing, rising, waxing (moon)

              • Italian crescente sourdough
            • Spanish creciente crescent of a waxing moon, increasing
        • Latin crēscendus that which is to increase, that which is to become visible future passive participle

          • Western Romance

            • Italian crescendo growing, increasing

              • English crescendo

                • Japanese クレッシェンド kuresshendo crescendo
              • Spanish crescendo crescendo
            • Spanish creciendo growingly
  • Proto-Indo-European *ḱorwo growing adjective

    • Hellenic *kórwā

      • Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀷 ko-wa girl, maiden
      • Ancient Greek κόρη kórē girl, maiden

        • Greek kóri daughter, girl, kore (statue)
        • English kore
        • Ancient Greek Κόρη Kórē Cora, Persephone. ^[2]
    • Hellenic *kórwos

      • Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀺 ko-wo boy, youth
      • Ancient Greek κόρος kóros boy, youth
      • English kouros
  • Proto-Indo-European *ḱeres-s growthful?

    • Germanic *hirsaz

      • Germanic *hirsijô

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse

            • Danish hirse millet
            • Icelandic hirsi millet
            • Finnish hirssi millet
        • West Germanic

          • Old High German hirso millet

            • German Hirse millet
            • Yiddish הירזש hirzh millet
    • Italic *kerēs

      • Latin Cerēs Goddess of Bounty and Agriculture ^[2]

        • English Ceres
        • Latin Cerealis of Ceres

          • French céréale cereal all meanings

            • English cereal
  • Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-mn̥ grown resultative

    • Old Armenian սերմն sermn seed, berry, bud, progeny, race

      • Armenian սերմ serm seed
  • Proto-Indo-European *sem-ḱer-

    • Italic

      • Latin sincērus clean, sound, uninjured, natural, sincere

        • Eastern Romance

          • Romanian sincer sincere
        • Western Romance

          • French sincère sincere

            • English sincere
          • Italian sincero sincere, honest
          • Spanish sincero sincere, honest

Visual

Collected English words

creole, create, accrue, accretion, concrete, decrease, increase, increment, crescent, croissant, crescendo, kore, kouros, Ceres, cereal, sincere

Footnotes

1. ^

   Many languages borrow the Latin concretus for the adjective meaning "tangible, not abstract", but mostly only English uses it for the building material. Most other Latin-borrowing languages derive the word for the building material from Latin bitūmen (mineral pitch, bitumen) instead. Latin did not have a word for "concrete" distinct from "cement".

2. ^

   Persephone is called the Maiden, in relation to Demeter, the Earth Mother". Ceres, in the interpretatio graeca, considered analogous Demeter.