Holiday Bonus ⭐

Introduction

It is the right and proper state of a people or nation to be free, generous, honorable, hairy, libertine, and liberal children and vegetables.

Teaser

liberty, deliver, Loðbrok, Luther

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- growth, people

  • Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰeti primary verb

    • Germanic *leudaną to sprout, to grow

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 liudan to grow
      • North Germanic *ludanaʀ grown past participle

        • Old Norse loðinn hairy, shaggy, grassy

          • Icelandic loðinn hairy, furry
          • Old Norse Loðbrok epithet: Shaggy-Britches (of legendary viking Ragnar Loðbrok)
      • West Germanic *leudan

        • Old English lēodan to grow
        • Old High German liotan
    • Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰati

      • Indo-Aryan *Hráwdʰati

        • Sanskrit 𑀭𑁄𑀥𑀢𑀺 ródhati to grow, to sprout
      • Iranian *Hráwdati

        • Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 raoδəṇti they grow
    • Tocharian *lut-

      • Arshian lut-
      • Kushean lut- go beyond, drive out
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₁lówdʰos

    • Germanic *laudaz large, grown, grown man

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic *lauþs

          • Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 juggalauþs young man
          • Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 swalauþs as great as, thus great, so great
      • West Germanic *laud
    • Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰas

      • Iranian *Hráwdah

        • Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 raoδa growth, stature
        • Pashto لويېدل loyedal to grow
        • Western Iranian

          • Old Persian

            • Persian رستن rostan to grow
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰeros contrastive adjective?

    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek ἐλεύθερος eleútheros free, freedom

        • Greek ελεύθερος eléftheros free, single, available
        • English Eleuthera
        • Classical Greek ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱ eleutheríā freedom, liberty, manumission, license

          • Greek ελευθερία elefthería freedom, liberty
    • Italic *Louðeros Divinity of growth, Līber

      • Oscan 𐌋𐌞𐌅𐌚𐌓𐌄𐌝𐌔 lúvfreís of (the god) Līber only attested as genitive
      • Latin Līber Divinity of growth and planting
    • Italic *louðeros free, child

      • Latin līber free, unrestricted

        • Western Romance

          • French libre free, at liberty, without obligation, clear, vacant

            • English libre Think free as in free speech, not free beer.
          • Spanish libre free, clear
        • Italian libero free, unobstructed
        • Latin līberāre to free, to liberate, to release, to deliver

          • Western Romance

            • Old French livrer to deliver, to give birth

              • French livrer to deliver, to give away
              • Dutch leveren to supply, to deliver
              • Old French livree delivery

                • French livrée livery
                • Middle English livery

                  • English livery
                • Italian livrea livery, plumage
              • Old French delivrer

                • Middle English deliveren

                  • English deliver
            • Spanish librar to save, to rescue, to deliver, to place, to give birth
          • French libérer to liberate, to set free, to vacate re-borrowing
          • Italian liberare to free, set free, release, deliver, vacate
          • Spanish liberar to liberate
        • Latin līberālis pertaining to freedom, dignified, honorable, generous

          • English liberal
        • Latin līberātiō liberation, release

          • French libération deliverance, release, liberation

            • English liberation
          • Italian liberazione release, liberation, freeing
          • Spanish liberación liberation
        • Latin līberī free ones, children
      • Italic *louðortāts freedom

        • Faliscan 𐌋𐌏𐌉𐌚𐌉𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏 loifirtato freedom, liberty
        • Latin lībertās liberty, freedom, freedom of speech, candor, independence, social privilege

          • French liberté liberty, freedom

            • English liberty
          • Italian libertà freedom, liberty
          • Spanish libertad freedom
      • Italic *louðert(a/os) freedwoman, freedman

        • Faliscan 𐌋𐌏𐌉𐌚𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌀 loiferta freedwoman
        • Latin lībert(a/us) freedwoman, freedman

          • Latin lībertīnus freedman, pertaining to free people

            • French libertin libertine

              • English libertine
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰis abstract action noun

    • Balto-Slavic *ljáudis

      • Baltic

        • East Baltic

          • Lithuanian liaudis people, nation
        • West Baltic

          • Old Prussian ludis owner, landlord

            • Old Prussian ludini owner, landlady
      • Slavic *ľȗdьje people

        • East Slavic люди ljudi

          • Russian люди ljudi people, humans
          • Ukrainian люди ljudy people, humans
          • Ludic lüüdi

            • Finnish lyydi Ludic

              • English Ludic
        • South Slavic

          • Old Church Slavonic людиѥ ljudije
          • Serbo-Croatian људи ljudi people suppletive plural of čȍvjek
        • West Slavic

          • Czech lidé people suppletive plural of člověk
          • Polish ludzie people
    • Germanic *liudīz person, people

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃 liuþs person
      • North Germanic *liudiʀ

        • Old Norse lýðr

          • Icelandic lýður
        • Finnic *liuta group, flock

          • Finnish liuta flock, swarm, a lot of

            • Finnish lapsiliuta swarms of children
      • West Germanic *liudi

        • Old English lēod people, nation, man, chief, prince, weregild

          • Scots lede person, people, folk
          • Old English lēoden popular, national, native language ^[1]

            • Middle English leden language ^[1]

              • Scots leed language, native language, vernacular
        • Frankish *liudi people

          • Dutch lieden people
          • Medieval Latin leudēs vassals

            • French leude vassal
        • Old High German liuti

          • Middle High German liute
          • German Leute people
          • Yiddish לײַט layt adult, person
      • Germanic *Liudibalþaz personal name: People-Bold

        • West Germanic

          • Old High German Luitbald

            • German Leopold altered by association with leo

              • English Leopold
      • Germanic *Liudiharjaz personal name: People-Warrior

        • West Germanic

          • Old High German Liutheri

            • German Luther

              • English Luther

                • English Lutheran
      • Germanic *Liudiką

        • West Germanic

          • Frankish

            • Dutch Luik Liège
            • Medieval Latin Vicus Leudicus Liège

              • Medieval Latin Leodicum
            • Old French

              • French Liège

                • English Liege
          • Old High German Lutihha

            • German Lüttich Liège
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰtus

    • Celtic *lussus

      • Brythonic

        • Welsh llysiau vegetable
      • Old Irish lus herb, plant, vegetable

        • Irish lus herb, plant
      • Celtic *ande-lussus much growth? intensive *ande-

        • Old Irish

          • Middle Irish indlos growth, riches
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰnos

    • Proto-Albanian *lèudno

      • Albanian lem people
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰonom

    • Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰanam

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit 𑀭𑁄𑀳𑀡 róhaṇa act of climbing, healing, arising from
  • Proto-Indo-European *swé-h₁lewdʰ-? self-people?, self-growth?

    • Proto-Albanian *swe-laudā

      • Albanian vëlla brother

Visual

Collected English words

Eleuthera, libre, livery, deliver, liberal, liberation, liberty, libertine, Ludic, Leopold, Luther, Lutheran, Liege

Footnotes

1. ^

   In Old English, you could contrast lēoden: "native (language), the vernacular", to Lǣden: "Latin". These were conflated in Middle English leden: "language".