Teaser
light, Lucifer, Nowruz, Waterloo, Roxana, lunar, lynx
Full Text
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Proto-Indo-European *lewk- to shine, to see
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Proto-Indo-European *lowkéh-ti to be shining, to be visible stative
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Balto-Slavic *laukeitei to look for?
- Lithuanian láukti to wait, to expect, to hope for
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Slavic *lučìti to see? to find? to accomplish?
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East Slavic
- Russian лучи́ть lučítʹ
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South Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian лу́чити lúčiti to find, to receive, to attain
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West Slavic
- Czech lučit to throw
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Celtic *luketi
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Celtic *luketad
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Brythonic *llugad eye
- Welsh llygad eye
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Italic *loukeō
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Latin lūceō I shine, I become visible, I dawn, I am apparent
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian a luci to shine, to sparkle, to beam with joy
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Western Romance
- French luire to shine, to glimmer
- Italian lucere to shine archaic
- Spanish lucir to shine, to show off, to sport
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Latin lūcidus shining, bright, clear
- English lucid
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Latin trānslūceō I shine across, I shine through
- English translucent
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀭𑁄𑀘𑀢𑁂 rocate to shine, be resplendent, enlighten
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Proto-Indo-European *lewkós shiny adjective
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Pre-Albanian *lauku
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Pre-Albanian *laukura
- Albanian lakuríq naked, empty
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Celtic *loukos white, eyesight
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Brythonic *lʉg
- Middle Welsh llug eyesight, perception
- Gaulish Leucus
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Hellenic
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀩𐀄𐀏 re-u-ka white
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Ancient Greek λευκός leukós bright, shining, white
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Ancient Greek Ἄκρα Λευκή Ákra Leukḗ White Summit (place name)
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Latin Leukante
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Arabic اَللَقَنْت Al-Laqant
- Spanish Alicante
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German Leukämie leukemia
- English leukemia
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀭𑁄𑀓 roká
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Proto-Indo-European *lewktos bright adjective
- Albanian lluke blind
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Germanic *leuhtaz light, brightness
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 lauhatjan to lighten, to flash with lightening
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North Germanic
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Old Norse ljóss bright, shining, fair, evident
- Danish lys light, bright, blond, cheery
- Icelandic ljós a light
- Old Norse Ljósálfr Light Elf
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West Germanic
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Old English lēoht light
- English light
- Scots licht light
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Frankish *lioht
- Dutch licht light, inspiration
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Old High German lioht
- German Licht light, candle
- Yiddish ליכט likht
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Proto-Indo-European *luksnos
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Hellenic
- Ancient Greek λῠ́χνος lúkhnos lamp
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Proto-Indo-European *léwks shine noun
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Old Armenian *loycʿ-
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Old Armenian լուցանեմ lucʿanem to light, to kindle, to inflame
- Armenian լուցել lucʿel to kindle
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Italic
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Latin lūx light
- Translingual lux SI unit of illumniation (1 lumen/m²)
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Latin lūcifer light bringer, morning star (Venus)
- English Lucifer [1]
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English lucifer
- Dutch lucifer match
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Indo-Iranian
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Iranian
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Northern Iranian
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Scythian
- Ossetian рухс ruxs light
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Western Iranian
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Old Persian
- Persian رخش roxš light
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Proto-Indo-European *léwkos lighting action or result noun
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Old Armenian լոյս loys light, brightness, splendor, sun, day
- Armenian լույս luys light, dawn, electricity
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Indo-Iranian *ráwčas
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀭𑁄𑀘𑀲𑁆 rócas
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Iranian
- Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬵 raočah day
- Bactrian ρωσο rōso day
- Pashto ورځ wraź day
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Western Iranian
- Kurdish roj day, Sun
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Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 raučah day
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Persian روز rōz day
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Persian نوروز Nowruz New Day, New Year's Day in Iranian/Zoroastrian Year
- English Nowruz
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Nuristani
- Ashkun ẓoć
- Kamviri řuč
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Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥ lighting action or result noun
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Italic
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Latin lūmen light, daylight, opening, window, eyes
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian lume world, people, humanity
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Western Romance
- French lumière light
- Italian lume light source, star, eyes
- Spanish lumbre combustible material, fire, firelight, luminosity
- Translingual lumen SI unit of luminous flux (1 candela-steradian)
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Latin lūminō I illuminate, I reveal, I brighten
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Latin illūminō
- English illuminate
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Proto-Indo-European *lówkos
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Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian laũkas field, outdoors
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Germanic *lauhaz clearing
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North Germanic
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Old Norse ló
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Norwegian lo
- Norwegian Oslo
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West Germanic
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Old English lēah clearing, meadow, woodland
- English Leigh
- English Beverley beaver meadow place name
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Frankish *lōh
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Dutch loo clearing
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Dutch Waterloo
- English Waterloo
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀮𑁄𑀓
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Magadhi
- Bengali লোক lok public, people, others
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Sauraseni 𑀮𑁄𑀕 loga
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Madhya
- Hindi लोग log people
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Pali
- Thai โลก lôok land, country, world, humanity
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- Telugu లోకము lōkamu world, humanity, the public, community, life
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Italic
- Latin lūcus sacred grove
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Proto-Indo-European *lowkis non-specific noun
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Balto-Slavic
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West Baltic
- Old Prussian luckis torch, log
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Slavic *lučь ray, torch
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East Slavic
- Russian луч luč ray, beam
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South Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian лу̑ч lȗč light archaic
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West Slavic
- Polish łuczywo torch
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Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂ moon
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Old Armenian լուսին lusin moon, month, horseshoe
- Armenian լուսին lusin moon
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Balto-Slavic
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Slavic *lunà moon
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East Slavic
- Russian луна́ luná moon
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West Slavic
- Polish łuna radiance, glow
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Indo-Iranian
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Iranian
- Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬱𐬥𐬀 raoxšna bright
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Bactrian Raoxshna Bright (personal name) [2]
- Persian روشنک Roshanak
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Ancient Greek Ῥωξᾱ́νη Rhōxā́nē
- Greek Ρωξανη Roxani
- English Roxana
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Latin Roxane
- Italian Rossana
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Western Iranian
- Kurdish ron
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Persian روشن rowšan light, bright
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Persian روشنی roušani brightness, clearness, clarity
- Hindi रौशनी rauśnī light, luster, splendor
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Italic *louksnā
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Latin lūna moon
- Sardinian luna moon
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian lună moon, month
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Western Romance
- French lune moon
- Italian luna moon
- Spanish luna moon
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Latin lūnāris lunar
- English lunar
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Proto-Indo-European ? lynx [3]
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Old Armenian
- Old Armenian լուսանունք lusanunkʿ lynxes only attested in plural
- Armenian լուսան lusan lynx
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Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian lūšis lynx
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Slavic *rỳsь lynx
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East Slavic
- Russian рысь rysʹ lynx
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South Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian ри̏с rȉs lynx
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West Slavic
- Polish ryś lynx
- Romanian râs lynx
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Celtic
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Old Irish
- Middle Irish lug lynx, warrior
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Germanic *luhsa lynx
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North Germanic
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Old Norse *luhǭ
- Swedish lo lynx
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West Germanic
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Old English lox lynx
- Scots los lynx
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Frankish *lohs
- Dutch los lynx
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Old High German luhs
- German Luchs lynx
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Hellenic
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Greek λύγξ lúnks lynx
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Latin lynx lynx
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French lynx lynx
- English lynx
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Spanish lince lynx
- Tagalog linse lynx
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Visual
Collected English words
lucid, translucent, leukemia, light, lux, Lucifer, lucifer, Nowruz, lumen, illuminate, Leigh, Beverley, Waterloo, Roxana, lunar, lynx
Footnotes
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Lucifer to mean "Christian Antagonist, esp. before his fall", is based on a questionable translation decision in King James.
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The Bactrian name Raoxshna, is notably the name of Alexander the Great's Bactrian wife, which is why it spread to Greece and the Europe.
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"lynx" is assumed to derived from "light" due its reflective eyes in the dark.
Kroonen, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (2013) says:
"All potential cognates show some kind of irregular sound correspondence: the laryngeal of Baltic, the /r/ of Slavic, the /n/ of Greek, the /g/ of Irish. Perhaps, these irregularities result from multiple tabooistic distortions. The alternative is to assume repeated borrowing from a non-Indo-European language (or languages)."