Theme: 🦠

Introduction

Demon Pandemic Zeitgeist Time

Teaser

democracy, pandemic, zeitgeist, time, demon

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- to share, to divide

  • Proto-Indo-European *dh₂yéti divides

    • Albanian daj I divide
    • Hellenic *dayomai

      • Ancient Greek δαίομαι daíomai to divide, to distribute
    • Indo-Iranian *dáyatay

      • Indo-Aryan *dáyatay

        • Sanskrit दयते dáyate to divide, to take part in, to sympathize with, to defend, to pity, to love

          • Sanskrit दया dayā sympathy, compassion, pity, mercy ^[1]

            • Hindi दया dayā pity, mercy
  • Proto-Indo-European *deh₂mos division, part

    • Hellenic *dāmos

      • Mycenaean Greek 𐀅𐀗 da-mo village, community
      • Ancient Greek δῆμος dêmos district, land, town, commoners, free citizens, popular assembly

        • Greek δήμος dímos people, common people, municipality
        • Ancient Greek δημαγωγός dēmagōgós popular leader, mob leader

          • French démagogue

            • English demagogue
        • Ancient Greek δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ dēmokratíā popular government, democracy

          • Medieval Latin dēmocratia democracy

            • French démocratie democracy

              • English democracy
            • Italian democrazia democracy
            • Spanish democracia democracy
          • Russian демокра́тия demokrátija democracy
          • Ancient Greek ἔνδημος éndēmos at home, native, specific to a place or people

            • English endemic
          • Ancient Greek ἐπιδήμιος epidḗmios

            • Medieval Latin epidemia

              • French épidémie

                • French épidémique

                  • English epidemic
          • Ancient Greek πάνδημος pándēmos

            • English pandemic
        • Ancient Greek Δημοσθένης Dēmosthénēs People-Strength personal name

          • Latin Dēmosthenēs

            • English Demosthenes
          • Ancient Greek Νῑκόδημος Nīkódēmos Victory-People personal name

            • Latin Nīcodēmus

              • English Nicodemus
  • Proto-Indo-European *deh₂lom

    • Celtic *dālom part, share, portion

      • Old Irish dál part, share, land occupied by a tribe

        • Old Irish Dál Riata Gaelic Kingdom in Ulster and Argyll

          • English Dalradia

            • English Dalradian
  • Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- to share, to divide

    • Proto-Indo-European *déh₂itis division, interval, period of time

      • Pre-Albanian *dīti

        • Albanian ditë day
      • Old Armenian տի ti year, era, lifetime, century
      • Germanic *tīdiz

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse tíð time, hour

            • Danish tid time
            • Icelandic tíð time, period, weather conditions
        • West Germanic

          • Old English tīd

            • English tide
          • Frankish *tīt

            • Dutch tijd time
          • Old High German zīt

            • German Zeit time, period, era

              • German Zeitgeist spirit of the age, zeitgeist equiv. to "tide-ghost"

                • English zeitgeist
            • Yiddish צײַט tsayt time, age, era
      • Hellenic

        • Ancient Greek δαῖσις daîsis division of property
  • Proto-Indo-European déh₂imō divider

    • Germanic *tīmô a part of the day, a time

      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse tími a part of the day, a time

          • Danish time hour, class, lesson
          • Icelandic tími time, hour, class, lesson
      • West Germanic

        • Old English tīma a time

          • English time
    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek δαίμων daímōn divine power, guardian spirit, (later) demon ^[2]

        • Coptic ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ daimōn demon
        • Latin daemon genius loci, protective spirit, demon

          • Western Romance

            • Italian demonio demon
          • English demon
          • French démon demon
          • Irish deamhan demon

            • Irish deamhan fola vampire lit. "blood demon"
        • Ancient Greek εὐδαίμων

          • Ancient Greek εὐδαιμονίᾱ eudaimoníā

            • English eudemonia
          • Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Εὐδαίμων Arabíā Eudaímōn Southern Arabia, Yemen ^[3]
  • Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- to sacrifice, to lose

    • English damage
  • Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- to give

    • English add
    • English donate
    • English data

Visual

Collected English words

demagogue, democracy, endemic, epidemic, pandemic, Demosthenes, Nicodemus, Dalradia, Dalradian, tide, zeitgeist, time, demon, eudemonia, damage, add, donate, data

Footnotes

1. ^

   You could imagine Japanese 同情 dōjō: "sympathy" coming from Sanskrit दया dayā: "sympathy, compassion, pity, mercy", via Buddhism, but it's not. It's standard Sino-Japanese from Middle Chinese 同情 duŋ-d͡ziᴇŋ.

2. ^

   Ancient Greek δαίμων daímōn: "divine power, guardian spirit, (later) demon" via the idea of "one who dispenses, one who allots". Compare Old Persian 𐏎 baga: "god" from *bʰeh₂g-: "to divide, to distribute".

   It can seem more related to the meaning of *deh₃-: "to give", the phonetics clearly align it with *deh₂-. This semantic blurring lends weight to the idea that *deh₂-: "divide" and *deh₃-: "give" have a Pre-Proto-Indo-European relationship.

3. ^

   Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Εὐδαίμων Arabíā Eudaímōn: "Southern Arabia, Yemen", literally "Prosperous Arabia", calqued into Latin as Arabia Felix.