November theme: Mes de Muertos 💀

Teaser

quick, biology, vitamin, zoology, hygiene

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- to live

  • Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃w-eti to be alive first person *gʷíh₃woh₂: "I live"

    • Balto-Slavic

      • Lithuanian gyventi to live, to inhabit
      • Slavic *žiti

        • East Slavic

          • Russian жить žitʹ to live, to reside
        • South Slavic

          • Old Church Slavonic жити žiti to live
          • Serbo-Croatian жи́вети žíveti to live, to exist, to be alive, to dwell, to reside
        • West Slavic

          • Polish żyć to live, to be alive
    • Hellenic *ďṓwō I live

      • Ancient Greek ζάω záō I live

        • Greek ζω zo live, endure, sustain
        • Ancient Greek ζωή zōḗ life, a living

          • Ancient Greek Ζωή Zoe given name ^[1]

            • English Zoe
    • Indo-Iranian

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit जीवति jī́vati to live, to support, to nourish, to seek a livelihood

          • Magadhi

            • Assamese জীয়া zia to live, alive, animate, fresh
          • Sauraseni 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀤𑀺 jīvadi

            • Madhya

              • Hindi जीना jīnā to live
            • Pahari

              • Nepali जिउनु jiunu to live, to survive
              • Punjabi ਜਿਊਣਾ jiūṇā to live
            • Pali jīvati to live, to be alive, to subsist on
      • Iranian

        • Avestan juuaiti
        • Western Iranian

          • Old Persian 𐎪𐎡𐎺 jīva- ^[2]

            • Persian زیستن zistan to live
          • Northwestern Iranian

            • Kurdish jiyan life
    • Italic *gʷīwō I live

      • Latin vīvō I live, I survive, I reside in

        • Sardinian vívere
        • Eastern Romance

          • Romanian a via to endure
        • Western Romance

          • French vivre to live, to experience
          • Italian vivere to live, to subsist, to be
          • Spanish vivir to live, to make a living, to reside, life, lifestyle
        • Latin vīvāx long-lived, vigorous, vivacious

          • Western Romance

            • French vivace vivacious, long-lived, enduring, perennial
            • Italian vivace lively, vital, keen, vivid
            • Spanish vivaz animated, lively
          • English vivacious
        • Latin vīvidus alive, animated, vigorous

          • English vivid
          • French vivide vivid
          • Italian vivido vivid
          • Spanish vívido vivid
    • Tocharian

      • Arshian śo- to live
      • Kushean śai- to live
  • Proto-Indo-European *gʷoyh₃éy-eti causative

    • Balto-Slavic

      • Slavic *gojiti

        • South Slavic

          • Serbo-Croatian gòjiti to fatten up
  • Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃w-ós alive, living

    • Balto-Slavic *gīˀwas

      • Lithuanian gývas alive
      • Slavic *živъ alive, live, living, Slavic Divinity of Fertility (Živa/Siwa/Zywye)

        • Eastern Slavic

          • Russian живо́й živój living, alive, lively, vivacious
        • South Slavic

          • Old Church Slavonic живъ živŭ alive, lively
          • Serbo-Croatian жи̑в žȋv live, alive
        • West Slavic

          • Polish żywy live, alive, lively, vivid
    • Celtic *biwos alive, living

      • Brythonic *bɨw alive, living, life

        • Welsh byw alive, living, lively, life, living person, quick (sensitive flesh)
      • Old Irish béo alive, living, living thing

        • Irish beo alive, living, lively, life, living thing, livelihood, quick (sensitive flesh)
    • Germanic *kwikwaz alive, lively, quick

      • West Germanic

        • Old English cwic living, live, alive, intelligent ^[3]

          • English quick
          • Scots qui(c)k living, alive, sharp, piercing
          • Old English cwicseolfor quicksilver, mercury lit. "living silver", calque of Latin argentum vivum

            • English quicksiver
        • Frankish

          • Dutch kwiek lively, quick
        • Old High German quec quick

          • German keck sassy, cheeky

            • Danish kæk brave, bold, cheerful
            • Dutch kek fashionable, sassy
          • Old High German quecsilbar quicksilver, mercury

            • German Quecksilbe
      • Old Norse kvikr alive

        • Danish kvik lively, clever, fast
        • Icelandic kvikur alive, lively, quick
        • Swedish kvick quick, quick-witted

          • Swedish kvicksilver mercury, temperature
    • Hellenic *gʷīwos

      • Ancient Greek βίος bíos life

        • English bio-

          • English biology
        • Greek βίος life, lifespan, quality of life, biography
    • Indo-Aryan

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit जीव jīva alive, living

          • Magadhi জীব jīb
          • Sauraseni

            • Madhya

              • Hindi जीव jiv life, living creature, lifeforce, soul

                • Hindi जीव-विज्ञान jīv-vigyān biology
          • Telugu జీవము jīvamu life
          • Sanskrit जीवात्मन् jīvātman personal soul, vital essence lit. "life-breath"
      • Iranian

        • Avestan ǰva-
        • Western Iranian

          • Old Persian 𐎪𐎺 jiva living

            • Middle Persian *jīwa- living

              • Middle Persian jīwandāg quicksilver, mercury lit. "living metal"

                • Persian جیوه jive quicksilver, mercury
    • Italic *gʷīwos alive, living

      • Oscan 𐌁𐌉𐌅𐌖𐌔 bivus alive, living, lifelike
      • Latin vivus alive, living, lifelike, living thing

        • Sardinian biu live, lively
        • Eastern Romance

          • Romanian viu live, alive
        • Western Romance

          • French vif lively, brisk, vivid, keen
          • Italian vivio alive, brisk, animate, vivacious, vivid, living person
          • Spanish vivio living, alive, vivid
        • Latin Vivianus personal name
        • Latin Viviana personal name

          • French Vivienne

            • English Vivien
          • Lithuanian gyvatà
    • Tocharian

      • Kushean śāw-
    • Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wot-os livingness

      • Balto-Slavic *gʔiwot-

        • Slavic *živõtъ life, belly

          • East Slavic

            • Russian живо́т živót belly, stomach, life (archaic)
          • South Slavic

            • Old Church Slavonic животъ životŭ life, animal
            • Serbo-Croatian жѝвот žìvot life
          • West Slavic

            • Polish żywot life (archaic)

              • Polish żywotny vigorous, full of life, animate
      • Hellenic

        • Ancient Greek βίοτος bíotos life
      • Indo-Iranian

        • Indo-Aryan

          • Sanskrit जीवित jīvitá living, enlivened, animated, life, living being, livelihood, lifespan

            • Madhya

              • Hindi जीवित jīvit alive, living
            • Maharashtri

              • Sinhala ජීවිතය jīvitaya life
            • West Indo-Aryan

              • Romani zhuvipe life
            • Telugu జీవితము jīvitamu living, existence, life
            • Pali *jīvita

              • Khmer ជីវិត ciivɨt life, existence, living, lifetime, age
              • Thai ชีวิต chii-wít life
      • Italic *gʷītā

        • Latin vīta life, subsistence, way of life

          • Sardinian bida life
          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian vită cow, ox, beef, animal
            • Western Romance

              • French vie life
              • Italian vita life, waist
              • Spanish vida life, lifestyle, livelihood, lifespan
          • Latin vītālis

            • Western Romance

              • Italian vitale vital, living, viable, essential, lively
            • French vital vital

              • English vital

                • English vitamin ^[4]
            • Spanish vital vital
            • Latin Vitalis personal name

              • Spanish Vidal

                • English Vidalia ^[5]

                  • English vidalia (onion) ^[5]
          • Medieval Latin vitabilis

            • French viable viable

              • English viable
    • Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wyom

      • Hellenic *ďṓyyon animal, creature, beast

        • Ancient Greek ζῷον zôion animal, beast

          • Greek ζώο zóo animal, beast, mammal
          • Coptic ⲍⲱⲟⲛ zōon animal
          • English zoo-

            • English zoology

              • English zoological garden

                • English zoo
  • Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃to-s

    • Balto-Slavic *geit-

      • Old Prussian geytye bread
      • Slavic *žìto grain

        • East Slavic

          • Russian жи́то žíto grain
        • South Slavic

          • Old Church Slavonic жито žito grain
          • Serbo-Croatian жи̏то žȉto wheat, koliva
        • West Slavic

          • Polish żyto rye
    • Celtic *bētom food

      • Brythonic *buɨd

        • Welsh bwyd food
      • Old Irish bíad

        • Irish bia food, substance
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yugʷih₃-s long life ^[6]

    • Germanic *ajukiz eternal, long lasting

      • West Germanic

        • Old English ēċe perpetual, eternal, ever-lasting
      • Germanic *ajukidūþiz eternity

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌳𐌿𐌸𐍃 ajukduþs eternity
    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek ὑγιής hugiḗs healthy, strong, wholesome

        • Ancient Greek ὑγιεινή hugieinḗ healthy practices, promoting health

          • French hygiène hygiene

            • English hygiene
    • Indo-Iranian

      • Iranian

        • Avestan yauuae-jī living forever
        • Western Iranian

          • Northwestern Iranian

            • Parthian yāwēd eternal

              • Old Armenian յաւէժ yawēž eternal, always

                • Armenian հավերժ haverž perpetual, eternal, undying
    • Italic

      • Latin iūgis continual, perpetual, ever-flowing (water)

Visual

Collected English words

Zoe, vivacious, vivid, quick, quicksiver, bio-, biology, Vivien, vital, vitamin, Vidalia, vidalia (onion), viable, zoo-, zoology, zoological garden, zoo, hygiene

Footnotes

1. ^

   The Greek name Ζωή Zoe is a calque translation of Hebrew name חַוָּה khavá: "to breathe, to live", also borrowed as Eve.

2. ^

   Because Old Persian history is my obsession du jour, Darius's Behistun inscription with 𐎪𐎡𐎺 jīva-:

   yadiy : imâm : hadugâm : naiy : apagaudayâhy : kârahyâ : thâhy : Ahuramazdâ : thuvâm : daushtâ : biya : utâtaiy : taumâ : vasiy : biyâ : utâ : dargam : jîvâ : thâtiy

   if : this : record : not : away-hide : people : you-declare : Ahura Mazda : you : friend : be : and-you : family : greatly : be : and : long : live : declare

   "if this record you shall not conceal, (but) tell it to the people, may Ahura Mazda be a friend to you, and may family be to you in abundance, and may you live long!"

3. ^

   The archaic meaning, "alive", is preserved in usages like "the quick and the dead" and "quickening"

4. ^

   vitamin is a portmanteau of "vital amine". Originally spelled "vitamine" in 1912, the "e" was dropped in 1920 to de-emphasize "amine" when it was determined that vitamin C, and probably a number of other vitamins, had no amine component.

5. ^

   Vidalia is either of two place names, one in Louisiana and one in Georgia, named after Don José Vidal, Spanish aristocrat and administrator in New Spain/Spanish Louisiana. The vidalia onion was first grown in Vidalia, Georgia. In Stephen Universe, Onion's mother is named Vidalia.

6. ^

   In the compound *h₂yugʷih₃-s>, *h₂yu- is the root of "youth", "juvenile", and "-eval" (as in medieval, primeval, etc.) and Scots aye, meaning "always", "still".

   Germanic *ajukiz is definitely derived from *h₂yu-, but only tentatively derived from *h₂yugʷih₃-s, as a possible explanation for the presence of the -k-.