November theme: Mes de Muertos 💀
Teaser
quick, biology, vitamin, zoology, hygiene
Full Text
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-
to live
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃w-eti
to be alive
first person *gʷíh₃woh₂: "I live"-
Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian gyventi
to live, to inhabit
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Slavic *žiti
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East Slavic
- Russian жить žitʹ
to live, to reside
- Russian жить žitʹ
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic жити žiti
to live
- Serbo-Croatian жи́вети žíveti
to live, to exist, to be alive, to dwell, to reside
- Old Church Slavonic жити žiti
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West Slavic
- Polish żyć
to live, to be alive
- Polish żyć
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- Lithuanian gyventi
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Hellenic *ďṓwō
I live
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Ancient Greek ζάω záō
I live
- Greek ζω zo
live, endure, sustain
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Ancient Greek ζωή zōḗ
life, a living
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Ancient Greek Ζωή Zoe
given name
[1]- English Zoe
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- Greek ζω zo
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit जीवति jī́vati
to live, to support, to nourish, to seek a livelihood
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Magadhi
- Assamese জীয়া zia
to live, alive, animate, fresh
- Assamese জীয়া zia
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Sauraseni 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀤𑀺 jīvadi
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Madhya
- Hindi जीना jīnā
to live
- Hindi जीना jīnā
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Pahari
- Nepali जिउनु jiunu
to live, to survive
- Punjabi ਜਿਊਣਾ jiūṇā
to live
- Nepali जिउनु jiunu
- Pali jīvati
to live, to be alive, to subsist on
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Iranian
- Avestan juuaiti
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Western Iranian
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Old Persian 𐎪𐎡𐎺 jīva- [2]
- Persian زیستن zistan
to live
- Persian زیستن zistan
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Northwestern Iranian
- Kurdish jiyan
life
- Kurdish jiyan
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Italic *gʷīwō
I live
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Latin vīvō
I live, I survive, I reside in
- Sardinian vívere
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian a via
to endure
- Romanian a via
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Western Romance
- French vivre
to live, to experience
- Italian vivere
to live, to subsist, to be
- Spanish vivir
to live, to make a living, to reside, life, lifestyle
- French vivre
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Latin vīvāx
long-lived, vigorous, vivacious
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Western Romance
- French vivace
vivacious, long-lived, enduring, perennial
- Italian vivace
lively, vital, keen, vivid
- Spanish vivaz
animated, lively
- French vivace
- English vivacious
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Latin vīvidus
alive, animated, vigorous
- English vivid
- French vivide
vivid
- Italian vivido
vivid
- Spanish vívido
vivid
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Tocharian
- Arshian śo-
to live
- Kushean śai-
to live
- Arshian śo-
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷoyh₃éy-eti causative
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Balto-Slavic
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Slavic *gojiti
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South Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian gòjiti
to fatten up
- Serbo-Croatian gòjiti
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃w-ós
alive, living
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Balto-Slavic *gīˀwas
- Lithuanian gývas
alive
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Slavic *živъ
alive, live, living, Slavic Divinity of Fertility (Živa/Siwa/Zywye)
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Eastern Slavic
- Russian живо́й živój
living, alive, lively, vivacious
- Russian живо́й živój
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic живъ živŭ
alive, lively
- Serbo-Croatian жи̑в žȋv
live, alive
- Old Church Slavonic живъ živŭ
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West Slavic
- Polish żywy
live, alive, lively, vivid
- Polish żywy
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- Lithuanian gývas
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Celtic *biwos
alive, living
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Brythonic *bɨw
alive, living, life
- Welsh byw
alive, living, lively, life, living person, quick (sensitive flesh)
- Welsh byw
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Old Irish béo
alive, living, living thing
- Irish beo
alive, living, lively, life, living thing, livelihood, quick (sensitive flesh)
- Irish beo
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Germanic *kwikwaz
alive, lively, quick
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West Germanic
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Old English cwic
living, live, alive, intelligent
[3]- English quick
- Scots qui(c)k
living, alive, sharp, piercing
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Old English cwicseolfor
quicksilver, mercury
lit. "living silver", calque of Latin argentum vivum- English quicksiver
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Frankish
- Dutch kwiek
lively, quick
- Dutch kwiek
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Old High German quec
quick
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German keck
sassy, cheeky
- Danish kæk
brave, bold, cheerful
- Dutch kek
fashionable, sassy
- Danish kæk
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Old High German quecsilbar
quicksilver, mercury
- German Quecksilbe
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Old Norse kvikr
alive
- Danish kvik
lively, clever, fast
- Icelandic kvikur
alive, lively, quick
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Swedish kvick
quick, quick-witted
- Swedish kvicksilver
mercury, temperature
- Swedish kvicksilver
- Danish kvik
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Hellenic *gʷīwos
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Ancient Greek βίος bíos
life
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English bio-
- English biology
- Greek βίος
life, lifespan, quality of life, biography
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Indo-Aryan
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit जीव jīva
alive, living
- Magadhi জীব jīb
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Sauraseni
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Madhya
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Hindi जीव jiv
life, living creature, lifeforce, soul
- Hindi जीव-विज्ञान jīv-vigyān
biology
- Hindi जीव-विज्ञान jīv-vigyān
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- Telugu జీవము jīvamu
life
- Sanskrit जीवात्मन् jīvātman
personal soul, vital essence
lit. "life-breath"
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Iranian
- Avestan ǰva-
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Western Iranian
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Old Persian 𐎪𐎺 jiva
living
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Middle Persian *jīwa-
living
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Middle Persian jīwandāg
quicksilver, mercury
lit. "living metal"- Persian جیوه jive
quicksilver, mercury
- Persian جیوه jive
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Italic *gʷīwos
alive, living
- Oscan 𐌁𐌉𐌅𐌖𐌔 bivus
alive, living, lifelike
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Latin vivus
alive, living, lifelike, living thing
- Sardinian biu
live, lively
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian viu
live, alive
- Romanian viu
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Western Romance
- French vif
lively, brisk, vivid, keen
- Italian vivio
alive, brisk, animate, vivacious, vivid, living person
- Spanish vivio
living, alive, vivid
- French vif
- Latin Vivianus
personal name
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Latin Viviana
personal name
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French Vivienne
- English Vivien
- Lithuanian gyvatà
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- Sardinian biu
- Oscan 𐌁𐌉𐌅𐌖𐌔 bivus
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Tocharian
- Kushean śāw-
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wot-os
livingness
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Balto-Slavic *gʔiwot-
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Slavic *živõtъ
life, belly
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East Slavic
- Russian живо́т živót
belly, stomach, life (archaic)
- Russian живо́т živót
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic животъ životŭ
life, animal
- Serbo-Croatian жѝвот žìvot
life
- Old Church Slavonic животъ životŭ
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West Slavic
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Polish żywot
life (archaic)
- Polish żywotny
vigorous, full of life, animate
- Polish żywotny
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Hellenic
- Ancient Greek βίοτος bíotos
life
- Ancient Greek βίοτος bíotos
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit जीवित jīvitá
living, enlivened, animated, life, living being, livelihood, lifespan
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Madhya
- Hindi जीवित jīvit
alive, living
- Hindi जीवित jīvit
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Maharashtri
- Sinhala ජීවිතය jīvitaya
life
- Sinhala ජීවිතය jīvitaya
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West Indo-Aryan
- Romani zhuvipe
life
- Romani zhuvipe
- Telugu జీవితము jīvitamu
living, existence, life
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Pali *jīvita
- Khmer ជីវិត ciivɨt
life, existence, living, lifetime, age
- Thai ชีวิต chii-wít
life
- Khmer ជីវិត ciivɨt
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Italic *gʷītā
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Latin vīta
life, subsistence, way of life
- Sardinian bida
life
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian vită
cow, ox, beef, animal
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Western Romance
- French vie
life
- Italian vita
life, waist
- Spanish vida
life, lifestyle, livelihood, lifespan
- French vie
- Romanian vită
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Medieval Latin vitabilis
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French viable
viable
- English viable
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- Sardinian bida
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wyom
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Hellenic *ďṓyyon
animal, creature, beast
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Ancient Greek ζῷον zôion
animal, beast
- Greek ζώο zóo
animal, beast, mammal
- Coptic ⲍⲱⲟⲛ zōon
animal
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English zoo-
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English zoology
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English zoological garden
- English zoo
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- Greek ζώο zóo
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃to-s
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Balto-Slavic *geit-
- Old Prussian geytye
bread
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Slavic *žìto
grain
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East Slavic
- Russian жи́то žíto
grain
- Russian жи́то žíto
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic жито žito
grain
- Serbo-Croatian жи̏то žȉto
wheat, koliva
- Old Church Slavonic жито žito
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West Slavic
- Polish żyto
rye
- Polish żyto
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- Old Prussian geytye
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Celtic *bētom
food
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Brythonic *buɨd
- Welsh bwyd
food
- Welsh bwyd
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Old Irish bíad
- Irish bia
food, substance
- Irish bia
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yugʷih₃-s
long life
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Germanic *ajukiz
eternal, long lasting
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West Germanic
- Old English ēċe
perpetual, eternal, ever-lasting
- Old English ēċe
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Germanic *ajukidūþiz
eternity
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌳𐌿𐌸𐍃 ajukduþs
eternity
- Gothic 𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌳𐌿𐌸𐍃 ajukduþs
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Hellenic
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Ancient Greek ὑγιής hugiḗs
healthy, strong, wholesome
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Ancient Greek ὑγιεινή hugieinḗ
healthy practices, promoting health
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French hygiène
hygiene
- English hygiene
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Indo-Iranian
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Iranian
- Avestan yauuae-jī
living forever
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
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Parthian yāwēd
eternal
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Old Armenian յաւէժ yawēž
eternal, always
- Armenian հավերժ haverž
perpetual, eternal, undying
- Armenian հավերժ haverž
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- Avestan yauuae-jī
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Italic
- Latin iūgis
continual, perpetual, ever-flowing (water)
- Latin iūgis
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Visual
Collected English words
Zoe, vivacious, vivid, quick, quicksiver, bio-, biology, Vivien, vital, vitamin, Vidalia, vidalia (onion), viable, zoo-, zoology, zoological garden, zoo, hygiene
Footnotes
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The Greek name Ζωή Zoe is a calque translation of Hebrew name חַוָּה khavá: "to breathe, to live", also borrowed as Eve.
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Because Old Persian history is my obsession du jour, Darius's Behistun inscription with 𐎪𐎡𐎺 jīva-:
yadiy : imâm : hadugâm : naiy : apagaudayâhy : kârahyâ : thâhy : Ahuramazdâ : thuvâm : daushtâ : biya : utâtaiy : taumâ : vasiy : biyâ : utâ : dargam : jîvâ : thâtiy
if : this : record : not : away-hide : people : you-declare : Ahura Mazda : you : friend : be : and-you : family : greatly : be : and : long : live : declare
"if this record you shall not conceal, (but) tell it to the people, may Ahura Mazda be a friend to you, and may family be to you in abundance, and may you live long!"
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The archaic meaning, "alive", is preserved in usages like "the quick and the dead" and "quickening"
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vitamin is a portmanteau of "vital amine". Originally spelled "vitamine" in 1912, the "e" was dropped in 1920 to de-emphasize "amine" when it was determined that vitamin C, and probably a number of other vitamins, had no amine component.
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Vidalia is either of two place names, one in Louisiana and one in Georgia, named after Don José Vidal, Spanish aristocrat and administrator in New Spain/Spanish Louisiana. The vidalia onion was first grown in Vidalia, Georgia. In Stephen Universe, Onion's mother is named Vidalia.
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In the compound *h₂yugʷih₃-s>, *h₂yu- is the root of "youth", "juvenile", and "-eval" (as in medieval, primeval, etc.) and Scots aye, meaning "always", "still".
Germanic *ajukiz is definitely derived from *h₂yu-, but only tentatively derived from *h₂yugʷih₃-s, as a possible explanation for the presence of the -k-.