October theme: Nighttime 🌃

Teaser

sleep, avalanche, avalanche, lip, lobe, lick, lichen

Full Text

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  • Proto-Indo-European *sleh₂b- *leh₂b- to hang loosely, to be weak, lip, to lick

    • Proto-Indo-European *sleh₂beti *leh₂beti to fall down? to relax? primary verb

      • Germanic *slēpaną to sleep

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽 slēpan to sleep
          • Crimean Gothic schlipen to sleep
        • West Germanic *slēpan

          • Old English slǣpan / slēpan to sleep

            • Middle English slepen to sleep

              • English sleep
          • Frankish *slāpan

            • Middle Dutch slapen to sleep

              • Dutch slapen to sleep
          • Old High German slāfan to sleep

            • Middle High German slāfen

              • German schlafen to sleep
              • Yiddish שלאָפֿן shlofn to sleep
          • Old Saxon slapan

            • Middle Low German slapen

              • Low German slapen to sleep
      • Indo-Iranian

        • Iranian

          • Western Iranian

            • Northwestern Iranian

              • Kurdish liv movement, flapping
      • Italic *lābezi

        • Italic *lābos

          • Latin lābor work, toil, exertion, illness, fatigue

            • Central Romance

              • Italian lavoro work, labor, task
            • Western Romance

              • Portuguese lavor work, labor, activity
            • Old French labor

              • Middle French

                • French labeur
              • Middle English labor / labour / labur

                • English labor / labour noun
            • Latin labōrāre to labor, to work, to suffer, to be afflicted with

              • Latin collabōrāre to work together, to collaborate
              • Latin ēlabōrāre to endeavor, to elaborate
              • Central Romance

                • Dalmatian lavorar to work
                • Italian lavorare to work, to labor, to operate
              • Western Romance

                • Spanish labrar to work, to craft, to plough
              • Albanian lëroj to plough
              • Old French laborer to work, to labor

                • Middle French labourer to work, to labor, to manufacture

                  • French labourer to plough
                • Middle English labouren

                  • English labor / labour verb
              • Spanish laborar to work, to labor
              • Latin labōrātor laborer, ploughman

                • Western Romance

                  • Portuguese lavrador plowman, farmer

                    • Portuguese Lavrador occupational surname: Farmer

                      • English Labrador

                        • English labrador / labrador retriever

                          • English lab

                            • English chocolate lab
                • Latin labōrātōrium

                  • English laboratory

                    • English lab
        • Latin lābī to slip, to glide, to flow, to stumble, to be wrong

          • Latin collābī to collapse, to fall in

            • English collapse
          • Latin lābilis slipping, slippery

            • English labile
          • Latin lāpsus slipping, falling, slipped, fallen

            • Latin ēlāpsus slipped away, escaped, elapsed

              • Middle French elapser

                • English elapse
            • Middle French

              • French laps lapse, length of time
              • English lapse
          • Latin lābēs a fall, a defect, a subsidence

            • Latin lābīna slippery place, landslide

              • Romance *labanca

                • Central Romance

                  • Italian valanga avalance
                • Western Romance

                  • Francoprovençal avalençhe

                    • French avalanche

                      • English avalanche
              • Old High German lowin / lewina

                • Middle High German lowin

                  • German Lawine avalance
    • Proto-Indo-European *lh₂pti

      • Albanian llapë I sip, I lap, I swallow
      • Old Armenian լափեմ lapʿem to lap up, to lick up

        • Armenian լափել lapʿel to lap up, to lick up
      • Hellenic

        • Classical Greek λάπτω láptō I sip, I lap
    • Proto-Indo-European *lh₂nébti ne-infix imperfective

      • Balto-Slavic

        • Baltic

          • East Baltic

            • Lithuanian lapènti to gobble up
        • Slavic

          • East Slavic

            • Russian лопать lopatʹ to gobble up
      • Italic

        • Latin lambere to lick, to lap, to taste

          • Central Romance

            • Italian lambire to lap (of water), to lick (of flame)
          • Western Romance

            • Spanish lamer to lick
    • Proto-Indo-European *léh₂bō primary noun

      • Germanic *lepô lip

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse *lepi

            • Old East Norse

              • Danish læbe lip
              • Swedish läpp lip
        • Germanic *lipjô lip diminutive

          • West Germanic *lippjō

            • Old English lippa / lippe lip

              • Middle English lippe lip

                • English lip
            • Frankish *lippa

              • Middle Dutch leppe

                • Dutch lip lip
                • Afrikaans lip lip
              • French lippe lip, pouty lip
            • Old High German *lippa

              • Middle High German lippe

                • German Lippe lip
                • Yiddish ליפּ lip lip
      • Indo-Iranian *lap-

        • Iranian *lap-

          • Western Iranian

            • Northwestern Iranian

              • Kurdish lêv lip
            • Old Persian

              • Persian لب lab lip, edge
    • Proto-Indo-European *loh₂bós agentive noun

      • Hellenic

        • Classical Greek λοβός lobós lobe

          • Latin lobus

            • French lobe

              • English lobe
            • Translingual Trilobita taxonomic class of trilobites "three-lobed"

              • English trilobite
    • Proto-Indo-European *loh₂bō

      • Germanic *lubbō thing that hangs, pendant

        • West Germanic

          • Old English loppe spider, silkworm
          • Frankish *luppa

            • Old French loupe lump, mass, uncut stone, tumor

              • Middle French

                • French loupe magnifying glass, loupe, burl, laziness

                  • English loupe
    • Proto-Indo-European *léh₂bōs?

      • Italic

        • Latin labium lip

          • English labium
          • Spanish labio lip, labium
        • Italic

          • Latin labrum lip, edge, margin, rim

            • Central Romance

              • Italian labbro lip, labium, edge, rim
            • Western Romance

              • French lèvre lip
            • English labrum
    • Proto-Indo-European *lh₂belos

      • Germanic *lapilaz

        • West Germanic *lapil spoon

          • Frankish *lapil

            • Middle Dutch lepel

              • Dutch lepel spoon
          • Old High German lepfil / leffil

            • Middle High German leffel

              • German Löffel spoon
              • Yiddish לעפֿל lefl spoon
          • Old Saxon lepil

            • Middle Low German lepel

              • Low German Lepel spoon
    • Proto-Indo-European *leb-

      • Albanian lëpij I lick
  • Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰ-

    • Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰeti

      • Germanic *slīpaną

        • West Germanic *slippjan

          • Old English slype / slipa

            • Middle English slyp / slep / slyppe

              • English slip ceramics
          • Frankish

            • Dutch slippen to slide, to slip
          • Old High German slupfen

            • German schlüpfen to slip, to hatch
          • Old Saxon

            • Middle Low German slippen

              • Middle English slippen

                • English slip
  • Proto-Indo-European *slegʷ-

    • Proto-Indo-European *slegʷos

      • Germanic *slakaz

        • West Germanic *slak

          • Old English slæc slack, lazy

            • Middle English slak

              • English slack
  • Proto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ- to lick

    • Proto-Indo-European *léyǵʰti athematic imperfective

      • Old Armenian լիզեմ lizem to lick, to lap, to destroy

        • Armenian լիզել lizel to lick
        • Old Armenian լեզու lezu tongue, language, nation modified by association with լիզեմ lizem: "to lick"

          • Armenian լեզու lezu tongue, language, speech

            • Armenian նախալեզու naxalezu proto-language
      • Balto-Slavic *léiźtei

        • Baltic

          • East Baltic

            • Lithuanian liežti to lick
        • Slavic *līzàti to lick

          • East Slavic лизати lizati

            • Russian лизать lizátʹ to lick
            • Ukrainian лизати lyzáty to lick
          • South Slavic

            • Old Church Slavonic лизати lizati

              • Lithuanian liežuvis tongue modified by association with liežti: "to lick"?
      • Celtic *ligeti to lick

        • Brythonic *lliɣɨd to lick

          • Breton lead
          • Middle Welsh llyu

            • Welsh llyfu to lick
        • Old Irish ligid to lick

          • Middle Irish

            • Irish ligh to lick, to suck up to
            • Manx liee
            • Scottish Gaelic ligh to lick
      • Hellenic *léikʰō

        • Classical Greek λείχω leíkhō to lick up

          • Classical Greek λειχήν leikhḗn liverwort, lesion, blight, callus

            • Latin līchēn

              • English lichen
      • Indo-Iranian *láyždʰi *ráyždʰi

        • Indo-Aryan *láyẓḍʰi *ráyẓḍʰi

          • Sanskrit रेळ्हि réḷhi to lick, to kiss
          • Sanskrit लेढि léḍhi to taste, to sip, to lick
        • Iranian *láyjati *ráyjati to lick leveled and thematicized

          • Scythian *rēzati

            • Saka

              • Khotani rīśtä licks
          • Sogdo-Bactrian

            • Sogdic

              • Sogdian 𐽀𐼷𐼼𐼰𐽂𐼷 resate
          • Western Iranian

            • Northwestern Iranian

              • Kurdish لێستین / لستن / alastin / alêstin / alîstin lêstîn listin to lick
            • Old Persian

              • Middle Persian 𐭫𐭮𐭲 lst

                • Persian لیسیدن lisidan to lick
          • Iranian *láyjakah

            • Scythian *lēzaki

              • Alanian *leɣz

                • Ossetian лӕгъз / лигъз læǧz liǧz smooth
    • Proto-Indo-European *liǵʰéti zero-grade imperfective

      • Indo-Iranian *riĵʰáti
    • Proto-Indo-European *linéǵʰti nasal imperfective

      • Germanic *likkōną to lick

        • West Germanic *likkōn

          • Old English liccian to lick

            • Middle English likken

              • English lick
          • Frankish

            • Middle Dutch lecken / licken to lick

              • Dutch likken to lick
          • Old High German leckon / lecchon

            • Middle High German lecken

              • German lecken to lick
              • Yiddish לעקן lekn to lick
          • West Germanic *likkr lickable, tasty

            • Frankish *likkar

              • Middle Dutch lecker / lacker

                • Dutch lekker tasty, delicious, good, pleasant
                • Afrikaans lekker tasty, delicious, good, pleasant
            • Old High German *lekkar

              • Middle High German lecker

                • German lecker tasty
            • Old Saxon *likkar

              • Middle Low German lecker

                • Low German lecker
                • Danish lækker delicious
      • Italic *lingezi

        • Latin lingere to lick

          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian linge to lick
          • Latin cunnilingus
          • Latin dingua / lingua tongue, language, speech probably modified by association with lingere: "to lick"

            • Central Romance

              • Dalmatian langa language, tongue
              • Italian lingua tongue, language

                • Italian lingua franca

                  • English lingua franca
                • Italian linguina a linguine diminutive

                  • Italian linguine linguine

                    • Arabic لنقويني linqwīnī linguine
                    • English linguine
                    • Korean 링귀네 ringgwine linguine
                    • Ukrainian лінгуїне linhujine linguine
              • Maltese lingwa language
            • Eastern Romance

              • Aromanian limbã tongue, language
              • Romanian limbă tongue, language
            • Insular Romance

              • Sardinian limba tongue, language, speech
            • Western Romance

              • Catalan llengua tongue, language
              • Old Occitan lengua tongue, language

                • Old Occitan lengua d'oc

                  • Occitan lenga dòc
                  • French langue d'oc / Languedoc

                    • English Languedoc
                  • Latin lingua Occitāna

                    • Latin Occitānus Occitan

                      • Occitan occitan Occitan

                        • Translingual oci ISO 639 code for Occitan
                      • French occitan Occitan

                        • English Occitan
                • Occitan lenga tongue, language
              • Old French lingue / lengue / langue

                • Middle French langue

                  • French langue tongue, language

                    • French langue d'oïl

                      • English langue d'oïl
                    • French langue des signes sign language
    • Proto-Indo-European *lḗyǵʰst s perfective

      • Hellenic

        • Classical Greek λεῖξαι leîxai
      • Indo-Iranian *Hálikšat

Visual

Collected English words

labor, labor, Labrador, labrador, lab, laboratory, lab, chocolate lab, sleep, labile, lapse, elapse, collapse, avalanche, lip, lobe, Trilobita, trilobite, loupe, labium, labrum, slip, slip, slack, lichen, lick, lingua franca, linguine, Languedoc, oci, Occitan, langue d'oïl