August theme: Cloth 👘
Teaser
subtle, text, dachshund, city, haunt, opponent
Full Text
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Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- to beget, to bring forth, to generate
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Proto-Indo-European *téḱnom begotten
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Hellenic
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Ancient Greek τέκνον téknon child, descendant, young animal
- Greek τέκνο tékno offspring, child
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Proto-Indo-European *títḱe-ti Reduplicated thematic verb form
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Hellenic *tíktō
- Ancient Greek τίκτω tíktō I beget, to I give birth to, I bear, I produce, I generate
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Proto-Indo-European *tétḱ-ti Reduplicated athematic verb form
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Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- to create, to produce, to hew, to build re-analysed as a new root
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Proto-Indo-European *teḱse-ti se- imperfective
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Italic teksō
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Latin texō I weave, I braid, I intertwine
- Sardinian tèssere
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian a țese to weave, to devise
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Western Romance
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French tisser to weave, to braid, to wreathe
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French tissu woven, fabric, tissue
- English tissue
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- Spanish tejer to knit, weave
- Italian tessere to weave, plot
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Latin tēla loom, web
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Western Romance
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French toile fabric, cloth, spider web
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French toilette small cloth, washing, personal grooming, place for washing
- English toilet
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- Italian tela cloth, canvas, theater curtain
- Spanish tela cloth
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Latin subtīlis fine, thin, slender
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian subțire thin, slender, sleazy
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Western Romance
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French subtil subtle
- English subtle
- Italian sottile thin, fine, delicate, subtle
- Spanish sutil subtle
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- Lithuanian tašýti to hew
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Proto-Indo-European *tḗtḱ-ti Narten imperfective
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Balto-Slavic *téśtei
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Slavic *tesàti to hew
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East Slavic
- Russian теса́ть tesátʹ to adze, cut, hew
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South Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian тѐсати tèsati to hew, to trim, to cut
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West Slavic
- Polish ciosać to hew
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit तक्षति tákṣati to cut, split, fashion out of wood
- Telugu తక్షణి takṣaṇi adze
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Iranian *taš- to make, construct; to cut
- Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬙𐬁𐬱𐬙𐬌 auui tāšti make with carpentry
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Western Iranian
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Old Persian
- Persian تش taš hatchet, axe
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Old Armenian տաշեմ tašem to rough hew, plane, polish, smooth
- Armenian տաշել tašel to cut, hew, polish, smooth
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Latin textus woven, texture, the style of a work of art
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Medieval Latin textus style, wording, treatise, text
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French texte text
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English text
- Translingual .txt
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- Russian текст tekst text, wording, lyrics
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Latin contextus interwoven, connected, uninterrupted, coherent
- English context
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Latin textūra weaving, texture
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French texture texture
- English texture
- Spanish textura texture
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Latin textilis woven
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French textile fabric, textile
- English textile
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- Proto-Indo-European *teḱtós adjective
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Proto-Indo-European *tetḱdʰlo adze instrumental
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Balto-Slavic
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Slavic *tesla adze
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East Slavic
- Russian тесло́ tesló adze
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South Slavic
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Serbo-Croatian те̏сла tȅsla adze
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Serbo-Croatian Тесла Tesla
- Translingual tesla SI derived unit of magnetic inductivity after Nikolai Tesla
- English Tesla
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West Slavic
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Polish cieśla carpenter
- Polish cieślica adze
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Celtic *tāxslos adze
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Primitive Irish ᚈᚐᚂᚐᚌᚅᚔ talagni adze
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Old Irish tál adze
- Irish tál adze
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Proto-Indo-European *tétḱō derived noun
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Hellenic *téktōn
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀒𐀵𐀚 te-ko-to-ne carpenters
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Ancient Greek τέκτων téktōn craftsman, carpenter, builder
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Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitéktōn chief builder, architect
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Latin architectus architect, inventor, author
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French architecte architect
- English architect
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- Russian архите́ктор arxitéktor architect
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Ancient Greek τεκτονικός tektonikós pertaining to building
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Latin tectonicus pertaining to building, architectural
- English tectonic
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Indo-Iranian *táĉšān
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit तक्षन् tákṣan carpenter, woodcutter
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Iranian
- Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬥 tašan shaper, creator
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Proto-Indo-European *teḱsneh₂ derived noun
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Hellenic
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Ancient Greek τέχνη tékhnē craft, skill, art
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Ancient Greek τεχνολογία tekhnología systematic treatment of art and craft
- English technology
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Latin technicus
- English technical
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French technique technical
- English technique
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Proto-Indo-European *tetḱeh₂ derived noun
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Germanic *þehsō axe, adze
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West Germanic
- Old English þeox spear
- Old High German dehsa axe
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Germanic *þehsalǭ axe diminutive?
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North Germanic
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Old Norse þexla
- Danish teksel axe, adze
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West Germanic
- Old English *þeoxle axe
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Old High German dehsala axe, adze
- German Dechsel adze
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Proto-Indo-European *tₔtḱtós built
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Indo-Iranian *taçtás
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Indo-Aryan *taçtás
- Sanskrit तष्ट taṣṭá fashioned, produced, hewn
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Iranian *taçtáh
- Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 tašta
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Western Iranian
- Kurdish teşt
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Old Persian
- Persian تشت tašt basin, tub, pan
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Arabic طَاس ṭas(sah
- Georgian თასი tasi bowl, chalice
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Persian طاس tâs bowl, cup archaic
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Ottoman Turkish طاس
- Armenian <թաս tʿas bowl, cup
- Greek τάσι tási wide bowl, basin, hubcap, plate of a scale
- Serbo-Croatian тас tas cymbal, the plate of a balance or scale
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Spanish taza cup, mug, toilet bowl
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French tasse cup, cupful
- Vietnamese tách cup
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French demi-tasse a small coffee cup, a serving of strong coffee, demitasse lit. "half-cup"
- English demitasse
- Italian tazza cup, mug, toilet bowl
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- Swahili tasa medal bowl, gong
- Aramaic ܛܫܬ
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Old Armenian տաշտ tašt cup, mug, bowl, trough, tub, basket
- Armenian տաշտ tašt trough, tub
- Georgian ტაშტი ṭašṭi wash basin
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Proto-Indo-European ? builder? badger?
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Celtic
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Gaulish tasgos badger
- Gaulish Tasgiitios Badger (personal name)
- Gaulish Moritasgus Great-Badger (personal name)
- Gaulish Tasciovanus Badger -Bane(personal name)
- Old Irish Tadg Badger? (personal name) [1]
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Germanic *þahsuz badger [2]
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East Germanic
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Gothic
- Portuguese texugo badger
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West Germanic
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Frankish þahs badger
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Dutch das badger
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Afrikaans das
- English dassie hyrax
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Vulgar Latin taxō badger or taxus [2]
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Italian tasso badger
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Italian Tasso
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French de la Tour et Tassis
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German Thurn und Taxis
- English Princess TNT Gloria, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
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Old French taisson badger
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Old French taisniere badger den
- French tanière den, lair, hideout
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Spanish tejón badger
- Mexican Spanish tejón coati
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Old High German dahs badger
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German Dachs badger
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German Dachshund breed of dog for hunting badgers and other burrow animals
- English dachshund
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- Yiddish דאַקס daks badger
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Germanic *agiþahsijǭ lizard, newt lit. "lizard-badger"
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West Germanic
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Old English āþexe lizard, newt
- English ask newt dialectal
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Frankish *egithassa
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Dutch hagedis lizard
- Sranan Tongo lagadisa lizard
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Old High German egidehsa lizard
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German Eidechse lizard
- German Echse lizard
- Yiddish עקדיש ekdish scorpion
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Proto-Indo-European *tḱéy-ti athematic perfective
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱey- to cultivate, to settle, to live, to lie down re-analysed as a new root
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱéy-ti primary verb form
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit क्षेति kṣéti to reside, to abide, to stay, to dwell, to settle, to inhabit, to be quiet
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Iranian
- Avestan 𐬱𐬀𐬉𐬌𐬙𐬌 šaēiti lives
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱéys-t s-perfective
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Hellenic *ktisa
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀑𐀴𐀋𐀯 ki-ti-je-si they reside
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Ancient Greek κτίζω ktízō to found, to build, to establish (a colony), to people, to plant (an orchard)
- Ancient Greek χτίστης chtístis builder, bricklayer, mason
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Indo-Iranian *ĉšáysat
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Indo-Aryan *cšáisat
- Sanskrit क्षेषत् kṣeṣat to dwell, to stay, to reside aorist
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱéytis
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Hellenic
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Ancient Greek κτῐ́σῐς ktísis founding, settling, created thing, creature, authority created or ordained
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Italian autoctisi self-creation (theology)
- English autoctisis
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Indo-Iranian *ĉšitís
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Indo-Aryan *cšitís
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Sanskrit क्षिति kṣití abode, dwelling, Earth
- Telugu క్షితి kṣiti earth, 10 to the 14th or 20th power
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Iranian *šitíh
- Avestan 𐬱𐬌𐬙𐬌 šiti dwelling, house
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Proto-Indo-European (t)ḱeym̥no- to act of settling
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Hellenic *ktímenos
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀑𐀴𐀕𐀙 ki-ti-me-na (cultivated) field
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Ancient Greek *κτίμενος *ktímenos
- Ancient Greek ἐϋκτίμενος eüktímenos well cultivated land
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Indo-Iranian
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Iranian *šēn
- Avestan šaiiana place of residence
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Western Iranian
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Old Persian
- Aramaic ܫܝܢܐ šainā cultivated land, urban area, domestication, prosperity, peace, treaty
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Old Armenian շէն šēn inhabited place, village, building, inhabited, prosperous, happy
- Armenian շենք šenkʿ building
- Armenian շեն šen hamlet, inhabited, prosperous, intact
- Georgian შენი šeni village
- Turkish şen happy, cheerful, flourishing
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱéywos domestic, homey, intimate, friendly
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Balto-Slavic *śéiwāˀ
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian sieva wife
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Germanic *hīwą household member, spouse, couple, household
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East Germanic
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Gothic *heiwa
- Gothic 𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 heiwafrauja head of household
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West Germanic
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Old English hīwa household member
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English hewe
- Swedish ide den
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Germanic *hīwid household, land associated with a household
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North Germanic
- Old Norse hiþ beaver den
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West Germanic
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Old English hīd unit of land and tax assesment, approx. 120 acres, the farming land necessary to support a household
- English hide
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit शिव śivá auspicious, gracious, happiness, prosperity, welfare
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Sanskrit शिव Śivá
- Hindi शिव Śiv
- Telugu శివుడు śivuḍu Shiva
- English Shiva
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Italic *keiwis
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Latin cīvis citizen
- English civic
- English civil
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Latin cīvitātem citizenship, citizenry, community, city
- Sardinian tzitade city
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian cetate citadel, fortress
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Western Romance
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Old French cité (walled) city
- French cité city
- English city
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Old French citeien
- French citoyen citizen
- English citizen
- Italian città town, city
- Spanish ciudad city
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- Armenian qytet city
- Welsh ciwdod race, people, nation
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱeyros adjective, same as *ḱeywos?
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Old Armenian սէր sēr love, affection, fondness, charity, kiss, Lovefeast/Agape feast
- Armenian սեր ser love, affection, caring
- Georgian სერი seri feast
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Germanic *(ga)hiurijaz trusted, familiar, dear, gentle, mild
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North Germanic
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Old Norse hýrr smiling, pleasant, friendly
- Icelandic hýr glad, happy, gay, homosexual, tipsy
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West Germanic
- Old English hēore pleasant, secure, gentle, mild
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Frankish *hiuri
- Dutch guur
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Old High Germanic (ga)hiuri
- Germanic geheuer pleasant, comfortable, sure
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Germanic *un(ga)hiurijaz not familiar, not gentle
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North Germanic
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Old Norse úhýrr
- Danish uhyre enormous, tremendous, exceptionally, a monster
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West Germanic
- Old English unhēore unpleasant, awful, monstrous
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Frankish unhiuri
- Dutch onguur nasty, repulsive, unreliable
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Old High German ungahiuri
- German ungeheuer enormous, enormously
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱóymos family, house, village
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Balto-Slavic
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian šeimà family
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Slavic *sěmь(ja) family, household, member of the same village
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East Slavic
- Russian семья́ semʹjá family
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Celtic *koymos
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Brythonic
- Welsh cu dear, beloved
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Old Irish cóem
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Irish caomh gracious, gentle, bland
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Irish Caoimhín
- English Kevin
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Germanic *haimaz
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 haims village
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North Germanic
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Old Norse heimr home, abode, land, world
- Icelandic heimur world
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Old Norse heim homewards, home adverb
- Danish hjem home noun and adverb
- Icelandic heim home adverb
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Old Norse Heimdallr
- English Heimdall
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West Germanic
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Old English hām home, house, estate, farm, village
- English home
- Scots hame home
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English -ham village in place names
- English Birmingham
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Frankish *haim
- Dutch heem house, home
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Dutch -em home, village placenames
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Dutch Haarlem
- English Harlem
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Old French ham village
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Old French hamel small village
- French hameau hamlet
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Old French hamelet small small village
- English hamlet
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Old High German heim
- German Heim home, hostel, asylum
- Yiddish היים heym home
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Balto-Slavic *káimas [3]
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian kiẽmas yard, courtyard, farmstead, estate, village
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West Baltic
- Old Prussian caymis village
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Germanic *haimatjaną to bring home, to provide with a home
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North Germanic
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Old Norse heimta to fetch, to bring home
- Danish hente to fetch, to download
- Icelandic heimta to fetch, to bring home
- Scots hent to gather, to collect, to spirit away, a gathering
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West Germanic
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Old English hāmettan to provide a home for, to house, to bring home
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Old French hanter to frequent, to abide in one place
- French hanter to frequent, to haunt
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Dutch hanteren to handle, to use
- German hantieren to handle, to tamper
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Middle English
- English haunt
- Scots hant to frequent, association, usual abode, habit
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- Ancient Greek κώμη kṓmē unwalled village, country town, ward of a city
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- Hellenic
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit क्षेम kṣéma basis, security
- Pali 𑀔𑁂𑀫 khema safe
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Sanskrit योगक्षेम yogakṣema the security of possessions
- Hindi जोखिम jokhim risk, hazard
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱi-né-ti denominative imperfective
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Italic *sinō
- Latin sinō I put, I set down, I permit
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Italic *pozinō away-put
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Latin pōnō I place, I put, I ordain, I set up
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Latin positus placed, ordained
- English post
- English posit
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Latin positiō position, place, framing, attitude
- English position
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Latin compōnō
- English compose
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Latin dēpōnō
- English depose
- English deposit
- English deponent
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Latin dispōnō
- English dispose
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Latin expōnō
- English expose
- English expound
- English exposition
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Latin impōnō
- English impose
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Latin oppōnō
- English oppose
- English opponent
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Latin postpōnō
- English postpone
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Latin praepōnō
- English preposition
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Latin prōpōnō
- English propose
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Latin repōnō
- English repose
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Latin suppōnō
- English suppose
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Latin trānspōnō
- English transpose
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱoyneh₂ bed, cradle
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Hellenic *kóimos
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Ancient Greek κοιμάω koimáō I put to sleep, I lull
- Greek κοιμάμαι koimámai I sleep, I die, I lounge, I sleep with
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Italic *koinā
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Latin cūnae cradle, nest, infancy
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Eastern Romance
- Aromanian cunã cradle, swing
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Western Romance
- Italian culla cradle
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Spanish cuna cradle, crib
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Basque kuma
- Basque katakuma kitten
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- Greek κούνια koúnia swing, cradle
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Proto-Indo-European *(t)ḱoyteh₂
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Hellenic *koinā
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Ancient Greek
- Greek κοίτη koíti bed, river bed
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Visual
Collected English words
tissue, toilet, subtle, text, .txt, context, texture, textile, tesla, architect, tectonic, technology, technical, technique, demitasse, dassie, dachshund, ask, autoctisis, hewe, hide, civic, civil, city, citizen, home, -ham, hamlet, haunt, post, posit, position, compose, depose, deposit, deponent, dispose, expose, expound, exposition, impose, oppose, opponent, postpone, preposition, propose, repose, suppose, transpose
Proper Names
Tesla, Princess TNT, Shiva, Kevin, Heimdall, Birmingham, Harlem
Footnotes
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While the Irish name "Tadg" is generally considered to mean "poet", the mythical king Tadg mac Céin is repeteadly associated with badgers in stories. It probably represents a merger of two names.
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Germanic *þahsuz, Latin taxō, and/or Latin taxsus may be borrowed from Celtic.
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Balto-Slavic is a satem branch, so PIE /ḱ/ should go to /s/, as in šeimà from this root. kiẽmas is therefore assumed to be an early borrowing from Germanic instead of an in situ development.