December theme: Religion 📿

Teaser

guide, vision, Hades, idol, Rigveda, idea, history, wise

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European weyd- to see

  • Indo-Iranian *wayd- to know, to find

    • Indo-Aryan

      • Sanskrit 𑀯𑀺𑀤𑁆 vid know, find
    • Iranian *waid-

      • Avestan vid know, understand
      • Avestan vaēd find
      • Iranian *ni-waid invitation

        • Avestan niuuaēδaiiemi to invite a deity to the sacrifice, to dedicate
        • Western Iranian *nivēδ invitation

          • Northwestern Iranian

            • Parthian

              • Old Armenian նուէր nuēr offering, present, sacrafice

                • Armenian նվեր nver present, gift
          • Old Persian

            • Persian نوید navid promise, good news Also a given name: Navid, Naveed
          • Western Iranian *nivēδāk

            • Northwestern Iranian

              • Parthian

                • Old Armenian նուիրակ nuirak announcer, usher, messenger

                  • Armenian նվիրակ nvirak legate (deputy), nuncio (envoy)
  • Proto-Indo-European *winédti

    • Proto-Armenian

      • Old Armenian գտանեմ gtanem to find, to discover, to gain, to meet
    • Celtic *windeti

      • Brythonic *gwɨbod knowing, to know

        • Welsh gwybod to know
      • Old Irish (ro-)finnadar to find out, to discover, to know

        • Irish fionn ascertain, discover
    • Indo-Iranian

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit 𑀯𑀺𑀦𑁆𑀤𑀢𑀺 vindati to know, to understand, to mind, to observe
      • Iranian

        • Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬍 vīnastī to find
        • Western Iranian

          • Northwestern Iranian

            • Parthian wyndyd acquires, gains?
  • Proto-Indo-European *wóyde has seen

    • Proto-Armenian *gēt-

      • Armenian գիտեմ gitem to know
    • Balto-Slavic

      • Slavic *věděti to know, to be sure of

        • East Slavic

          • Russian ве́дать védatʹ to know, to be sure of archaic
          • Ukrainian відати vidaty to deal, to manage
        • South Slavic

          • Old Church Slavonic вѣдѣти věděti to know
          • Serbo-Croatian vedeti to know regional
        • West Slavic

          • Polish wiedzieć to know, to be sure of
    • Germanic *witanã to know

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 witan to know
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse vita to know

          • Danish vide
          • Icelandic vita to know, to see, to check
      • West Germanic

        • Old English witan to know, to be aware, to be wise, to be concious of, to feel (an emotion)

          • English wit
          • English wot
        • Frankish *witan

          • Dutch weten to know, to remember, to be able to
          • Old Occitan

            • French guider to guide

              • English guide
            • Italian guidare to guide, to manage, to drive (a vehicle)
            • Spanish guiar to guide, to drive, to steer, to advise
        • Old High German wizzan to know

          • German wissen to know, to be aware

            • German Wissenschaft science
          • Yiddish וויסן visn to know, knowledge
    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek οἶδᾰ oîda to know, to be acquainted with, to know how to
    • Indo-Iranian *wáytˢti

      • Indo-Aryan *wáytti

        • Sanskrit 𑀯𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 vetti to know, to understand, to know how to, to learn
      • Iranian *wáystī

        • Avestan 𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬯𐬙𐬁 vōistā you know
  • Proto-Indo-European *widéh₁yeti seeing, being seen? stative

    • Italic *widēō

      • Latin videō I see, I look, I note, I understand

        • Eastern Romance

          • Romanian a vedea
        • Western Romance

          • French voir
          • Italian vedere
          • Spanish ver
        • English video

          • Greek βίντεο vínteo movie, video game
        • Latin vīsiō seeing, sight, vision, view

          • Western Romance

            • French vision

              • English vision
            • Italian visione
            • Spanish visión
        • Latin vidēns looking, seeing

          • Latin ēvidēns apparent, visible, evident, clear

            • Western Romance

              • French évident

                • English evident
              • Italian evidente
              • Spanish evidente
            • Latin ēvidēntia

              • English evidence
        • Latin vīsitō I go to see, I visit frequentive

          • Western Romance

            • French visiter

              • English visit
            • Italian visitare
            • Spanish visitar
        • Latin invideō I look askance at, I look maliciously at, I am prejudice against, I envy

          • Latin invidia envy, grudge, jealousy, spite

            • Western Romance

              • French envie

                • English envy
              • Italian invidia
              • Spanish envidia
        • Latin praevideō I see before, I anticipate

          • English preview
        • Latin prōvideō I foresee, I prepare for, I take care of

          • English provide
          • English purvey
          • English prudent
        • Latin revideō I look again, I revisit

          • English revise
          • English review
        • Latin supervideō I oversee, I see from above

          • English supervise
          • English survey
  • Proto-Indo-European *n̥widḗs unseen

    • Hellenic *awidḗs

      • Ancient Greek ἀϊδής aïdḗs invisible
      • Ancient Greek ᾍδης Hā́idēs Hades (Realm of the Dead), Hades (Divinity of the Underworld), grave, death

        • Greek Άδης Ádis Hades
        • Latin Hādēs Hades

          • English Hades
        • Old Church Slavonic адъ adŭ hell

          • Russian ад ad hell, inferno, Hades
  • Proto-Indo-European *wéydo sight, knowledge

    • Balto-Slavic

      • Slavic *vȋdъ

        • East Slavic

          • Russian вид vid looks, appearance, form, kind, sort, species
        • South Slavic

          • Old Church Slavonic видъ vidŭ
          • Serbo-Croatian ви̑д vȋd eyesight, aspect, type
    • Celtic *wēdo

      • Brythonic

        • Welsh gŵydd presence, face
      • Old Irish fíad before, in front of
    • Germanic *witjã knowledge, reason, sense, wit

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic *witi

          • Gothic 𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹 unwiti ignorance, folly
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse vit

          • Danish vid
          • Icelandic vit wits, intelligence, sense, reason

            • Icelandic viska wisdom
      • West Germanic

        • Old English witt mind, understanding, sense, sanity

          • English wit
        • Old High German wizzi

          • German Witz wit, joke, humor
          • Yiddish וויץ‏ vvits joke
    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek εἶδος eîdos form, image, shape, sight, fashion, kind

        • Ancient Greek εἴδωλον eídōlon phantom, ghost, image, shape, statue, idol

          • Greek είδωλο eídolo idol, reflection
          • Latin īdōlum image, form, ghost, idol

            • English idol
          • Old Church Slavonic идолъ idolŭ

            • Russian и́дол ídol idol
          • Coptic ⲉⲓⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ eidōlon idol
          • English eidolon
        • Ancient Greek ειδής -eidḗs -shaped

          • Latin -(o)īdēs

            • English -(o)id
    • Indo-Iranian

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit 𑀯𑁂𑀤 véda knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda

          • Magadhi

            • Bengali বেদ bed Veda
          • Sauraseni

            • Madhya

              • Hindi वेद ved Veda
            • Pali veda

              • Middle Chinese

                • Mandarin 吠陀 fèituó Veda
              • Thai เวท wêet Veda
          • Telugu వేదము vēdamu Veda
          • English Veda
          • Sanskrit 𑀋𑀕𑁆𑀯𑁂𑀤 ṛg-vedá Veda of Praise, Rigveda

            • Sauraseni

              • Madhya

                • Hindi ऋग्वेद ŕgved
            • English Rigveda
  • Proto-Indo-European *wideseh

    • Hellenic *widéhā

      • Ancient Greek ἰδέᾱ idéā look, appearance, form, type, style

        • Greek ιδέα idéa idea, opinion, impression
        • Russian иде́я idéja idea
        • Latin idea idea, prototype (Platonic)

          • English idea

            • Japanese アイデア aidea idea, invention
          • French idée idea
          • German Idee idea

            • Yiddish אידעע‏ idee idea
          • Italian idea idea
          • Spanish idea idea
  • Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr one who has seen

    • Hellenic *wístōr

      • Ancient Greek ῐ̔́στωρ hístōr witness, wise man, expert, judge

        • Ancient Greek ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ historíā inquiry, examination, observation, science, the body of knowledge produced by such inquiry, a written account of such inquiry

          • Greek ιστορία istoría history, story, love affair
          • Russian исто́рия istórija history, story, affair, thing
          • Hebrew הִסְטוֹרְיָה história history
          • Latin historia history, account, story

            • Western Romance

              • French histoire story, history

                • Haitian Creole istwa story, history
                • English history

                  • English historical linguistics
                • English story
                • English stor(e)y ^[1]
              • Italian storia history, story, relationship
              • Spanish historia history, story, H (phonetic alphabet)
            • German Historie history

              • Yiddish היסטאָריע historye history
            • Polish historia history, story
            • Welsh ystyr meaning, sense
    • Proto-Indo-European *weydstós knowledgeable lit. "like one who has seen"

      • Celtic

        • Celtiberian veizos witness
      • Germanic *wīsaz wise, knowledgeable

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse víss wise

            • Danish vis wise
            • Icelandic vís wise, knowledgeable, certain
            • Finnish viisas wise ^[2]

              • Northern Sami viissis wise
        • West Germanic

          • Old English wīs wise

            • English wise

              • English wizard ^[3]
          • Old High German wīs wise

            • German weise wise
        • Germanic *wīsadōmaz wise judgment, wisdom

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse vísdómr

              • Danish visdom wisdom
              • Icelandic vísdómur
          • West Germanic

            • Old English wīsdōm wisdom

              • English wisdom
            • Old High German wīstuom

              • German Weistum
        • Germanic *wīsahaiduz wisdom

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse

              • Swedish vishet wisdom
          • West Germanic

            • Old English wīs(a)had wisdom

              • English wisehood
            • Old High German

              • German Weisheit wisdom, insight

Visual

Collected English words

wit, wot, guide, video, vision, evident, evidence, visit, envy, preview, provide, purvey, prudent, revise, review, supervise, survey, Hades, wit, idol, eidolon, -(o)id, Veda, Rigveda, idea, history, historical linguistics, story, stor(e)y, wise, wizard, wisdom, wisehood

Footnotes

1. ^

   stor(e)y meaning a level of a building seems to come from the narrative paintings on the sides of medieval buildings.

2. ^

   Finnish viisas as in the Kalevala (my latest textual obsession), Third Rune: "Oi on viisas Väinämöinen, tietäjä iän-ikuinen!" ("Oh thou wise Väinämöinen, immortal sage!", or something like that.)

3. ^

   Wizard: "one who is wise". Compare drunkard: "one who is drunk", dotard: "one who dotes", coward: "one who is cowed", etc.