December theme: Religion 📿
Teaser
guide, vision, Hades, idol, Rigveda, idea, history, wise
Full Text
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Proto-Indo-European weyd- to see
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Indo-Iranian *wayd- to know, to find
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀯𑀺𑀤𑁆 vid know, find
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Iranian *waid-
- Avestan vid know, understand
- Avestan vaēd find
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Iranian *ni-waid invitation
- Avestan niuuaēδaiiemi to invite a deity to the sacrifice, to dedicate
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Western Iranian *nivēδ invitation
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Northwestern Iranian
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Parthian
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Old Armenian նուէր nuēr offering, present, sacrafice
- Armenian նվեր nver present, gift
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Old Persian
- Persian نوید navid promise, good news Also a given name: Navid, Naveed
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Western Iranian *nivēδāk
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Northwestern Iranian
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Parthian
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Old Armenian նուիրակ nuirak announcer, usher, messenger
- Armenian նվիրակ nvirak legate (deputy), nuncio (envoy)
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Proto-Indo-European *winédti
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Proto-Armenian
- Old Armenian գտանեմ gtanem to find, to discover, to gain, to meet
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Celtic *windeti
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Brythonic *gwɨbod knowing, to know
- Welsh gwybod to know
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Old Irish (ro-)finnadar to find out, to discover, to know
- Irish fionn ascertain, discover
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀯𑀺𑀦𑁆𑀤𑀢𑀺 vindati to know, to understand, to mind, to observe
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Iranian
- Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬍 vīnastī to find
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
- Parthian wyndyd acquires, gains?
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Proto-Indo-European *wóyde has seen
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Proto-Armenian *gēt-
- Armenian գիտեմ gitem to know
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Balto-Slavic
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Slavic *věděti to know, to be sure of
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East Slavic
- Russian ве́дать védatʹ to know, to be sure of archaic
- Ukrainian відати vidaty to deal, to manage
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic вѣдѣти věděti to know
- Serbo-Croatian vedeti to know regional
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West Slavic
- Polish wiedzieć to know, to be sure of
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Germanic *witanã to know
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 witan to know
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North Germanic
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Old Norse vita to know
- Danish vide
- Icelandic vita to know, to see, to check
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West Germanic
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Old English witan to know, to be aware, to be wise, to be concious of, to feel (an emotion)
- English wit
- English wot
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Frankish *witan
- Dutch weten to know, to remember, to be able to
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Old Occitan
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French guider to guide
- English guide
- Italian guidare to guide, to manage, to drive (a vehicle)
- Spanish guiar to guide, to drive, to steer, to advise
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Old High German wizzan to know
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German wissen to know, to be aware
- German Wissenschaft science
- Yiddish וויסן visn to know, knowledge
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Hellenic
- Ancient Greek οἶδᾰ oîda to know, to be acquainted with, to know how to
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Indo-Iranian *wáytˢti
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Indo-Aryan *wáytti
- Sanskrit 𑀯𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 vetti to know, to understand, to know how to, to learn
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Iranian *wáystī
- Avestan 𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬯𐬙𐬁 vōistā you know
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Proto-Indo-European *widéh₁yeti seeing, being seen? stative
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Italic *widēō
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Latin videō I see, I look, I note, I understand
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian a vedea
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Western Romance
- French voir
- Italian vedere
- Spanish ver
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English video
- Greek βίντεο vínteo movie, video game
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Latin vīsiō seeing, sight, vision, view
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Western Romance
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French vision
- English vision
- Italian visione
- Spanish visión
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Latin vidēns looking, seeing
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Latin ēvidēns apparent, visible, evident, clear
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Western Romance
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French évident
- English evident
- Italian evidente
- Spanish evidente
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Latin ēvidēntia
- English evidence
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Latin vīsitō I go to see, I visit frequentive
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Western Romance
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French visiter
- English visit
- Italian visitare
- Spanish visitar
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Latin invideō I look askance at, I look maliciously at, I am prejudice against, I envy
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Latin invidia envy, grudge, jealousy, spite
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Western Romance
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French envie
- English envy
- Italian invidia
- Spanish envidia
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Latin praevideō I see before, I anticipate
- English preview
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Latin prōvideō I foresee, I prepare for, I take care of
- English provide
- English purvey
- English prudent
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Latin revideō I look again, I revisit
- English revise
- English review
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Latin supervideō I oversee, I see from above
- English supervise
- English survey
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Proto-Indo-European *n̥widḗs unseen
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Hellenic *awidḗs
- Ancient Greek ἀϊδής aïdḗs invisible
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Ancient Greek ᾍδης Hā́idēs Hades (Realm of the Dead), Hades (Divinity of the Underworld), grave, death
- Greek Άδης Ádis Hades
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Latin Hādēs Hades
- English Hades
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Old Church Slavonic адъ adŭ hell
- Russian ад ad hell, inferno, Hades
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Proto-Indo-European *wéydo sight, knowledge
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Balto-Slavic
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Slavic *vȋdъ
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East Slavic
- Russian вид vid looks, appearance, form, kind, sort, species
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic видъ vidŭ
- Serbo-Croatian ви̑д vȋd eyesight, aspect, type
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Celtic *wēdo
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Brythonic
- Welsh gŵydd presence, face
- Old Irish fíad before, in front of
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Germanic *witjã knowledge, reason, sense, wit
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East Germanic
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Gothic *witi
- Gothic 𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹 unwiti ignorance, folly
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North Germanic
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Old Norse vit
- Danish vid
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Icelandic vit wits, intelligence, sense, reason
- Icelandic viska wisdom
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West Germanic
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Old English witt mind, understanding, sense, sanity
- English wit
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Old High German wizzi
- German Witz wit, joke, humor
- Yiddish וויץ vvits joke
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Hellenic
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Ancient Greek εἶδος eîdos form, image, shape, sight, fashion, kind
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Ancient Greek εἴδωλον eídōlon phantom, ghost, image, shape, statue, idol
- Greek είδωλο eídolo idol, reflection
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Latin īdōlum image, form, ghost, idol
- English idol
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Old Church Slavonic идолъ idolŭ
- Russian и́дол ídol idol
- Coptic ⲉⲓⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ eidōlon idol
- English eidolon
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Ancient Greek ειδής -eidḗs -shaped
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Latin -(o)īdēs
- English -(o)id
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀯𑁂𑀤 véda knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda
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Magadhi
- Bengali বেদ bed Veda
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Sauraseni
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Madhya
- Hindi वेद ved Veda
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Pali veda
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Middle Chinese
- Mandarin 吠陀 fèituó Veda
- Thai เวท wêet Veda
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- Telugu వేదము vēdamu Veda
- English Veda
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Sanskrit 𑀋𑀕𑁆𑀯𑁂𑀤 ṛg-vedá Veda of Praise, Rigveda
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Sauraseni
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Madhya
- Hindi ऋग्वेद ŕgved
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- English Rigveda
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Proto-Indo-European *wideseh
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Hellenic *widéhā
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Ancient Greek ἰδέᾱ idéā look, appearance, form, type, style
- Greek ιδέα idéa idea, opinion, impression
- Russian иде́я idéja idea
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Latin idea idea, prototype (Platonic)
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English idea
- Japanese アイデア aidea idea, invention
- French idée idea
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German Idee idea
- Yiddish אידעע idee idea
- Italian idea idea
- Spanish idea idea
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Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr one who has seen
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Hellenic *wístōr
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Ancient Greek ῐ̔́στωρ hístōr witness, wise man, expert, judge
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Ancient Greek ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ historíā inquiry, examination, observation, science, the body of knowledge produced by such inquiry, a written account of such inquiry
- Greek ιστορία istoría history, story, love affair
- Russian исто́рия istórija history, story, affair, thing
- Hebrew הִסְטוֹרְיָה história history
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Latin historia history, account, story
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Western Romance
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French histoire story, history
- Haitian Creole istwa story, history
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English history
- English historical linguistics
- English story
- English stor(e)y [1]
- Italian storia history, story, relationship
- Spanish historia history, story, H (phonetic alphabet)
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German Historie history
- Yiddish היסטאָריע historye history
- Polish historia history, story
- Welsh ystyr meaning, sense
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Proto-Indo-European *weydstós knowledgeable lit. "like one who has seen"
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Celtic
- Celtiberian veizos witness
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Germanic *wīsaz wise, knowledgeable
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North Germanic
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Old Norse víss wise
- Danish vis wise
- Icelandic vís wise, knowledgeable, certain
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Finnish viisas wise [2]
- Northern Sami viissis wise
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West Germanic
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Old English wīs wise
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English wise
- English wizard [3]
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Old High German wīs wise
- German weise wise
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Germanic *wīsadōmaz wise judgment, wisdom
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North Germanic
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Old Norse vísdómr
- Danish visdom wisdom
- Icelandic vísdómur
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West Germanic
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Old English wīsdōm wisdom
- English wisdom
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Old High German wīstuom
- German Weistum
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Germanic *wīsahaiduz wisdom
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North Germanic
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Old Norse
- Swedish vishet wisdom
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West Germanic
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Old English wīs(a)had wisdom
- English wisehood
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Old High German
- German Weisheit wisdom, insight
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Visual
Collected English words
wit, wot, guide, video, vision, evident, evidence, visit, envy, preview, provide, purvey, prudent, revise, review, supervise, survey, Hades, wit, idol, eidolon, -(o)id, Veda, Rigveda, idea, history, historical linguistics, story, stor(e)y, wise, wizard, wisdom, wisehood
Footnotes
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^
stor(e)y meaning a level of a building seems to come from the narrative paintings on the sides of medieval buildings.
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Finnish viisas as in the Kalevala (my latest textual obsession), Third Rune: "Oi on viisas Väinämöinen, tietäjä iän-ikuinen!" ("Oh thou wise Väinämöinen, immortal sage!", or something like that.)
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Wizard: "one who is wise". Compare drunkard: "one who is drunk", dotard: "one who dotes", coward: "one who is cowed", etc.