Introduction
In which we go from Latin ūrō : "I burn" to English bust : "upper torso", with very little semantic or phonological similarity.
Latin ūrō : "I burn" picks up an extra b- in many inflected forms based on re-analysis of amb-ūrō , leading to Latin bustum : "place for fires".
Then semantically Latin bustum went from "place for fires" to "place for pyres" to "tomb". Italian busto continued from "tomb" to "statue decorating a grave" to "statue, especially of head and shoulders" to "torso" to "corset".
Teaser
combust ,
bust ,
urn ,
broil ,
ember
Full Text
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews- to burn
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éwseti primary verb
Hellenic *éuhō
Classical Greek εὕω heúō I singe
Indo-Iranian *Háwšati
Indo-Aryan
Sanskrit 𑀑𑀱𑀢𑀺 óṣati to burn, to punish, to chastise
Italic *ouzō
Latin ūrō I burn, I inflame, I annoy, I rage
Latin ambūrō I singe, I char "around-burn"
Latin *būrō re-analysis from ambūrō
Latin combūrō I burn, I burn completely, I cremate
Western Romance
Italian comburere to burn
Latin combustus burnt up, consumed, cremated
Latin bustum place for burning pyres, tomb, burial mound
Western Romance
Italian busto grave, statue decoration of a grave, statue, bust (statue), torso, corset
French buste bust (statue), bust (anatomy), torso
English bust
French bustier
Latin ūrna urn, water jar made of burnt clay
Latin urtīca stinging nettle
Eastern Romance
Western Romance
French ortie nettle
Italian ortica nettle, stinging nettle
Spanish ortiga nettle
Spanish Ortega Nettle (place name, habitational surname)
Translingual Urtica taxonomic genus of nettles
Latin ustulō I scorch, I burn up
Western Romance
Old French usler
Old French brusler to burn conflation with bruir from Frankish *brōjan , under influence of b- forms of the Latin
French brûler to burn
English broil
Latin perustulō
Western Romance
Italian brustolare
Italian abbrustolire to roast, to toast
Vulgar Latin *brusiāre also conflation with descendant of Germanic *brōjan ? or b- forms?
Eastern Romance
Dalmatian brusur to burn, to singe, to char
Western Romance
Italian bruciàre to burn, to sear
Proto-Indo-European *h₁usnós adjective
Indo-Iranian *Hušnás
Indo-Aryan
Sanskrit 𑀉𑀱𑁆𑀡 uṣṇá warm, hot
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewsós result noun
Indo-Iranian *Hawšás
Indo-Aryan
Sanskrit 𑀑𑀱 oṣá combustion, shining
Proto-Indo-European *h₁owsmos
Germanic *aimaz steam, smoke unexpected *-i- instead of *-u- , possibly from *h₂eydʰ- instead
North Germanic
Old Norse eimr steam, vapor
Icelandic eimur steam, vapor
Icelandic eimskip steamer, steamboat
Proto-Indo-European *h₁usieh₂ō
Germanic *uzjȭ fire
North Germanic
Germanic *aimuzjȭ ember, ash, pyre
North Germanic
Old Norse eimyrja embers
Icelandic eimyrja
Swedish mörja embers, mud
West Germanic
Old English ǣmyrġe embers, coals
Visual
Collected English words
combust ,
bust ,
bustier ,
urn ,
Ortega ,
Urtica ,
crème brûlée ,
broil ,
ember
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