Introduction

Proto-Indo-European *h₂endʰ-: "to bloom" is represented almost entirely by Greek ἄνθος ánthos, but there's just enough smattering across other branches to demonstrate that it's not something the Greeks picked up after they split from the rest of IE.

Teaser

anthology, chrysanthemum, Ianthe

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *h₂endʰ- to bloom Late Central

  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂endʰti blooms

    • Albanian end to bloom
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂éndʰos a bloom, a flower

    • Old Armenian անդ and field, field of grain, arable land

      • Armenian հանդ hand field, arable land, pasture land
    • Hellenic *ántʰos flower, blossom

      • Classical Greek ἄνθος ánthos flower, bloom, brilliance

        • Byzantine Greek ἄθος áthos flower, blossom, ornament

          • Greek άνθος ánthos flower, bloom re-classicized
        • English Anthony modified from Antony/Antonius by association with Greek anthos ^[1]
        • English antho-
        • English -anthous
        • Classical Greek Ianthe divine name, personal name: Violet, Violet-Flower
        • Classical Greek Εὐανθής Euanthēs divine name, personal name: Well-Blooming
        • Classical Greek Χρύσανθος Khrusánthos personal name: Gold-Flower

          • Latin Chrysanthos
        • Classical Greek ἄκᾰνθος ákanthos acanthus, thorn

          • Translingual Acanthus a taxonomic genus of prickly herbs

            • Translingual Pyracantha taxonomic genus of the firethorn shrubs
        • Translingual Calanthe a genus of Christmas orchids as if καλἄνθη

          • English calanthe
        • Translingual Dianthus genus of carnations and pinks as if δῖἄνθος
        • Classical Greek ἄνθος ánthos a small bird, the yellow wagtail?

          • Translingual Anthus genus of pipits
        • Classical Greek ἀνθίας anthías swallowtail sea perch

          • Translingual Anthias anthias species name of the swallowtail sea perch
        • Classical Greek ἀνθηρός anthērós flowery, blooming, splendid

          • Latin anthēra

            • French anthère anther

              • English anther
        • Classical Greek Ἀνθεία Antheia divine epithet: Flower-Goddess (of Aphrodite, Hera)
        • Classical Greek ἀνθολογία anthologíā flower-picking, bouquet, collection of poems ^[2]

          • Greek ανθολογία anthología anthology
          • Latin anthologia collection of poems, anthology ^[2]

            • English anthology ^[2]
            • Japanese アンソロジー ansorojī anthology
          • Latin flōrilegium anthology (Renaissance) ^[2]

            • French florilège anthology
            • Spanish florilegio anthology
        • Classical Greek ἀνθέω anthéō to flower, to blossom

          • Classical Greek ἄνθεμον ánthemon flower

            • Classical Greek Ἀνθεμοῦς Anthemoûs place name: Flowerful

              • Greek Ανθεμούντας Anthemountas
              • Latin Anthemūs
            • Classical Greek ἀνθέμιον anthémion anthemion, little? flower

              • Greek ανθέμιο anthémio floral pattern, anthemion
              • English anthemion
              • Classical Greek Ανθέμιος Anthémios Little Flower

                • Latin Anthemius
                • Old East Slavic Онѳимє Onthime

                  • Russian Онфим Onfim

                    • English Onfim
              • Classical Greek χρυσάνθεμον khrusánthemon gold-flower, buttercup

                • Latin chrȳsanthemum

                  • English chrysanthemum
                  • Translingual Chrysanthemum taxonomic genus of chrysanthemums
    • Indo-Iranian *Hándʰas

      • Indo-Aryan *Hándʰas

        • Sanskrit 𑀅𑀦𑁆𑀥𑀂 ándhaḥ Soma, herb

Visual

Collected English words

Acanthus, Pyracantha, Anthony, antho-, -anthous, Calanthe, calanthe, Dianthus, Anthus, Anthias anthias, anther, anthology, anthemion, Onfim, chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum

Footnotes

1. ^

   The name Anthony is a hyper-correction of Antony (from Latin Antonius) under the influence of Greek anthos and/or anthros.

2. ^

   Classical Greek ἀνθολογία anthologíā literally means "flower-collecting, flower-picking, a bouquet". Meleager of Gadara put together an anthology of poetry which he named Στέφανος, "The Garland" with the analogy of the collected poems/poets as flowers. This was later expanded as the Anthologia Graeca, "the Greek Flower-Collection, or Greek Anthology". Its many centuries of popularity eventually led to the adoption of the word ἀνθολογία/anthologia to mean things like it. Some Romance languages translate this as flōrilegium, florilège, etc.