July theme: Architecture 🏛️

Teaser

excel, column, hill

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European kelH- to rise, to be tall

  • Proto-Indo-European *kl̥néH-ti ne- imperfective

    • Italic *kelnō

      • Latin *cellō to rise

        • Latin excellō I elevate, I raise up, I rise, I exult, I excel

          • Western Romance

            • French exceller to excel

              • English excel
            • Italian eccellere to excel
          • Latin excellēns rising, exulting, excelling, distinguished, excellent

            • Western Romance

              • French excellent

                • English excellent
              • Italian eccellente
              • Spanish excelente
  • Proto-Indo-European *kólHno-s

    • Balto-Slavic

      • Lithuanian kálnas hill, mountain, heap
  • Proto-Indo-European *kélHmn̥

    • Italic *kolamen

      • Latin culmen stalk, top, roof, summit, acme

        • Medieval Latin culmino

          • Italian culminare to culminate (in)
          • Spanish culminar to culminate, to reach the highest point
          • Medieval Latin culminatus past participle

            • English culminate
  • Proto-Indo-European *kélHmn̥eh₂

    • Italic *kolamnā

      • Latin columna column, pillar

        • Eastern Romance

          • Romanian corună supporting beam, crownpiece of a bridle
        • Western Romance

          • Old French columne

            • French colonne column, pillar

              • Russian коло́нна kolónna column, pillar
            • English column
          • Old French colombe

            • French colombe joist, upright
          • Italian colonna column, pillar, traffic jam
  • Proto-Indo-European *kolHweh

    • Balto-Slavic

      • Lithuanian kalvà hill
  • Proto-Indo-European *kelHnto-s

    • Italic

      • Latin celsus lofty, high, tall, elevated, proud, noble

        • Medieval Latin Celsius

          • Translingual Celsius
  • Proto-Indo-European *kl̥Hnís hill, height

    • Germanic *hulliz hill

      • West Germanic

        • Old English hyll hill

          • English hill
        • Frankish hul hill

          • Dutch hil hill
    • Italic *kolnis

      • Latin collis hill

        • Sardinian codhu
        • Western Romance

          • Italian colle hill, pass through hills
          • Spanish collado hill, mountain pass
  • Proto-Indo-European *kolHōneh₂

    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek Κολώνη Kolṓnē
  • Proto-Indo-European *kolHbʰ-on

    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek κολοφών kolophṓn summit, top, finishing

        • Medieval Latin colophon final notice on a manuscript or book, finishing touch

          • English colophon

Visual

Collected English words

excel, excellent, culminate, column, Celsius, hill, colophon