July theme: Architecture 🏛️

Teaser

column, excel, hill, Celsius, Stockholm, Sherlock Holmes

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *kelH- to rise, to be tall

  • Proto-Indo-European *kl̥néHti

    • Italic *kelnezi

      • Italic *eɣs-kelnezi

        • Latin excellere to elevate, to raise up, to rise, to exult, to excel

          • Italian eccellere to excel
          • French exceller to excel

            • English excel
          • Latin excellēns rising, exulting, excelling, distinguished, excellent

            • Italian eccellente
            • French excellent

              • English excellent
            • Spanish excelente
          • Latin excelsus elevated, lofty, excelling

            • Latin excelsior more elevated, more excellent

              • English excelsior
        • South Picene 𐌄𐌟𐌄𐌋𐌔𐌉𐌕 exelsit they raise, they erect
      • Italic *anti-kelnezi to rise in front of

        • Latin antecellere to surpass, to excel, to outdo
      • Italic *prai-kelnezi to rise before

        • Latin praecellere to surpass, to excel, to outdo
  • Proto-Indo-European *kólHnos

    • Balto-Slavic

      • East Baltic

        • Lithuanian kálnas hill, mountain, heap
  • Proto-Indo-European *kolHmn̥

    • Italic *kolamen

      • Latin columen stalk, top, roof, summit, acme
      • Latin culmen stalk, top, roof, summit, acme

        • Medieval Latin culmino

          • Italian culminare to culminate (in)
          • Spanish culminar to culminate, to reach the highest point
          • Medieval Latin culminatus past participle

            • English culminate
    • Proto-Indo-European *kélHmneh₂

      • Italic *kolamnā

        • Latin columna column, pillar

          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian corună supporting beam, crownpiece of a bridle
          • Central Romance

            • Italian colonna column, pillar, traffic jam
          • Western Romance

            • Old French columne

              • French colonne column, pillar

                • Russian колонна kolonna column, pillar
                • French colonnade colonnade collective

                  • English colonnade
              • English column
            • Old French colombe

              • French colombe joist, upright
    • Proto-Indo-European *kl̥Hmnos?

      • Germanic *hulmaz hill, mound, small island

        • Germanic *Burgundahulmaz High Island

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse Burgundaholmr Bornholm

              • Old East Norse

                • Danish Bornholm

                  • Danish Holm habitational surname: Island(er)

                    • Danish Holm Ø Holm Island (Islander Island)
          • Germanic *bergundijô a Burgundian

            • Latin Burgundiones

              • Latin Burgundia

                • Western Romance

                  • Old French

                    • French Bourgogne

                      • English Bourgogne
                • English Burgundy

                  • English Burgundy wine

                    • English burgundy
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse holmr

            • Old East Norse

              • Danish holm small island

                • Danish Holm habitational surname: Island(er)

                  • Danish Holm Ø Holm Island (Islander Island)
            • Swedish holme

              • Swedish Stockholm place name: Log Island

                • English Stockholm
                • New Latin Holmia Stockholm

                  • New Latin holmium

                    • Translingual Ho
                    • English holmium
              • Swedish Ekholm ornamental surname: Oak-Island
            • Old West Norse

              • Icelandic hólmur small island, duelling ground

                • Icelandic Stykkishólmur place name: Chunk Island
            • Middle English holme

              • English holm

                • English Holm Island
              • English Holme Fen
              • English Holmes

                • English Sherlock Holmes
        • West Germanic

          • Old English holm

            • Middle English holme

              • English holm

                • English Holm Island
              • English Holme Fen
              • English Holmes

                • English Sherlock Holmes
          • Frankish

            • Dutch holm small island
            • Old French

              • French Le Houlme
              • Norman hou small island (place name element)

                • Norman Lihou
                • Norman Tatihou
                • Norman Les Écréhous Écré- is equivalent to skerry
          • Old Saxon

            • Low German

              • German Holm small island
        • Slavic *xъ̃lmъ hill from an undetermined Germanic language

          • East Slavic хълмъ xŭlmŭ

            • Russian холм xolm hill
          • South Slavic

            • Bulgarian хълм hǎlm hill
            • Old Church Slavonic хлъмъ xlŭmŭ (small) hill
            • Serbo-Croatian хум hum small hill, barrow
          • West Slavic

            • Czech chlum hill
            • Old Polish chelm hill

              • Polish Chełm
              • Polish Chełmno
  • Proto-Indo-European *kolHweh

    • Balto-Slavic

      • Baltic

        • East Baltic

          • Lithuanian kalvà hill
  • Proto-Indo-European *kelHntos

    • Italic

      • Latin celsus lofty, high, tall, elevated, proud, noble

        • Medieval Latin Celsius surname as a translation of Swedish estate name Högen

          • French Celsius named after Anders Celsius by the Comité international des poids et mesures in 1948
          • Translingual °C
          • English Celsius
  • Proto-Indo-European *kl̥Hnís hill, height

    • Germanic *hulliz hill

      • West Germanic *hulli

        • Old English hyll hill

          • English hill
        • Frankish hul hill

          • Dutch hil hill
    • Italic *kolnis

      • Latin collis hill

        • Central Romance

          • Italian colle hill, pass through hills
        • Insular Romance

          • Sardinian codhu
        • Western Romance

          • Spanish collado hill, mountain pass
  • Proto-Indo-European *kolHōneh₂

    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek Κολώνη Kolṓnē place name: Hills? a few hillside village
  • Proto-Indo-European *kolHbʰ-on

    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek κολοφών kolophṓn summit, top, finishing

        • Latin colophon final notice on a manuscript or book, finishing touch

          • English colophon

Visual

Collected English words

Bourgogne, Burgundy, Burgundy wine, burgundy, excel, excellent, excelsior, culminate, colonnade, column, Stockholm, Ho, holmium, holm, Holm Island, Holme Fen, Holmes, Sherlock Holmes, °C, Celsius, hill, colophon