July theme: Architecture 🏛️

Teaser

door, hors d'oeuvre, foreign, forest, Dvorak

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- door, gate

  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr door Gen. *dʰurés

    • Anatolian

      • Hittite *durza

        • Hittite 𒀭𒄙𒍝 an-dur-za indoors
    • Pre-Albanian *dœrə

      • Albanian derë door, home, family
    • Armenian

      • Old Armenian դուռն duṙn door, entrance, mountain pass, palace, court, retinue

        • Armenian դուռ duṙ door, exit, court (of a monarch)
    • Balto-Slavic *dwirs

      • East Baltic

        • Lithuanian dùrys doors plural only
      • West Baltic

        • Old Prussian dauris gates considered to be a misspelling in Elbing that should be duaris
      • Slavic *dvьrь door

        • East Slavic двьрь dvĭrĭ

          • Russian дверь dverʹ door
          • Ukrainian две́рі dvéri doors plural only
        • South Slavic

          • Old Church Slavonic

            • Serbo-Croatian две̑ри dvȇri door, doors, entrance archiac, plural only
          • Serbo-Croatian двар dvar doors archiac, plural only
        • West Slavic

          • Czech dveře door
          • Polish drzwi doors plural only
    • Germanic *durz door, hatch, flap

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂 daur door
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse dyrr door, doorway

          • Danish dør door
          • Icelandic dyr door, doorway
      • West Germanic

        • Old English duru

          • English door
        • Frankish

          • Dutch deur door
        • Old High German turi door

          • German Tür door
          • Yiddish טיר tir door
    • Italic *fworis

      • Latin foris door, gate, opening, entrance

        • Latin forīs outdoors, outside

          • French hors outside

            • French hors-d'oeuvre hors d'oeuvre "outside of the work", i.e.not part of the main course

              • English hors d'oeuvre
          • Vulgar Latin *forānus outsider

            • Western Romance

              • Old French forain

                • French forain fairground, showman semantically assimilated to foire: "fair" by folk etymology
                • English foreign respelled by association with reign
          • Medieval Latin forestis (silva) ^[1]

            • Medieval Latin foresta

              • Western Romance

                • Old French forest(e)

                  • French forêt forest
                  • English forest
                  • Irish foraois forest, timber, lair
                • Italian foresta forest

                  • Maltese foresta forest
                • Spanish foresta forest

                  • Spanish floresta woodland, forest, dell modified by association to "flor"
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰworom

    • Celtic *dwar Acc. *dworam

      • Gaulish duron door, gate, walled town

        • Latin Augustodurum the Gate (or Forum) of Augustus, a city in Roman Gaul now Bayeux, France
        • Irish doras door, doorway
      • Celtic *dworestum

        • Brythonic

          • Welsh drws door
        • Old Irish dorus door
    • Indo-Iranian *dʰwā́ram

      • Indo-Aryan *d(ʰ)wā́ram

        • Sanskrit 𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀭 dvā́ra gate, door, entrance, means, opportunity

          • Magadhi

            • Bengali দ্বার dbara door, gateway, entrance
          • Maharashtri

            • Marathi दार dār door, gate
          • Sauraseni 𑀩𑀸𑀭 bāra

            • Madhya Sauraseni

              • Hindi बार bār gate, doorway, access
            • Western Sauraseni

              • Romani vudar door
          • Hindi द्वार dvār door, gate, means
          • Telugu ద్వారము dvāramu door, doorway
          • Thai ทวาร tá-waan door
      • Iranian *dwā́ram

        • Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 duuarəm door, pass
        • Northern Iranian

          • Scythian

            • Ossetian дуар dwar door, goal (sports)
        • Western Iranian

          • Northwestern Iranian

            • Kurdish derî door
          • Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 du-va-ra-ya-a at (my) door attested in locative

            • Persian در dar door, court, lid
      • Nuristani

        • Kamviri du
    • Italic *fworom

      • Latin forum market-place, public place, forum

        • English forum forum
        • French forum forum
        • German Forum forum
        • Italian foro forum
        • Russian фо́рум fórum forum
        • Spanish foro forum
        • Latin forēnsis of the forum, public

          • English forensic
      • Umbrian 𐌚𐌖𐌓𐌖 furu
    • Tocharian

      • Kushean twere door
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰuréh₂ doors collective

    • Germanic *durã big door, gate ^[2]

      • West Germanic

        • Old High German tor gate ^[2]

          • German Tor gate ^[2]
    • Hellenic *tʰurā

      • Classical Greek θύρα thúra door, entrance

        • Greek θύρα thýra door, stadium gate, computer port
        • Classical Greek θυρεός thureós door stop, wide oblong (door shaped) shield, oval

          • Greek θυρεός thyreós coat of arms
          • Coptic ⲑⲩⲣⲱⲛ thurōn shield
          • French thyroïde thyroid 16C coining based on shape

            • English thyroid
          • Hebrew תְּרִיס tris shutter
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰworos

    • Balto-Slavic *dwáras

      • East Baltic

        • Lithuanian dvãras manor, court, courtyard
      • West Baltic

        • Old Prussian duarris courtier
      • Slavic *dvõrъ court, courtyard

        • East Slavic

          • Russian двор dvor yard, courtyard, homestead
          • Lithuanian dvãras manor, court, courtyard
        • South Slavic

          • Serbo-Croatian дво̑р dvȏr castle, palace, courtyard
          • Hungarian udvar court, courtyard
        • West Slavic

          • Polish dwór
          • Czech dvůr court, courtyard, manor house (archaic)

            • Czech Dvořák surname, referring to a rich owner of a manor house

              • English Dvorak

Visual

Collected English words

door, hors d'oeuvre, foreign, forest, forum, forensic, thyroid, Dvorak

Footnotes

1. ^

   Medieval Latin foresta may be a blend of Latin forestis silva: "the outside woods" and Frankish *furhiþi: "woodland, forest", from "fir (tree)" plus a collective placename suffix.

2. ^

   Germanic has a distinction between *durz: "door, small door" and *durã: "big door, gate" (original a PIE collective noun) that is merged in most descendants, but the distinction can still be seen in German Tür: "door, doorway" vs. Tor: "gate, arch, goal".