Word Family - Emerald

Introduction

Both Classical Sanskrit 𑀫𑀭𑀓𑀢 marakata: "emerald" and Classical Greek μᾰ́ραγδος máragdos: "emerald" appear to be borrowed from a source like *maraktV.

This is presumably a form closely related to the Phoenician brqt and Hebrew baréket: "emerald", from *b-r-ḳ: "shining, sparkling". Akkadian cognate baraqu: "shine" instead might have had an equivalent -t form, which would have looked like *baraqtu(m) which would be an excellent source for *maraktV, though as far as I know, no such -t noun is attested in Akkadian.

Teaser

emerald, Esmeralda

Full Text

Afro-Asiatic *bǎrk’- sparkle, flash
- Semitic *b-r-ḳ
  - Semitic *barVḳ sparkling
    
    Central Semitic *baraḳ
    
    Arabic بَرَقَ baraqa to shine, to flash, to spark, to lightning
    
    Arabic بَرْق barq lightning, telegraph
    
    Ottoman Turkish برق berk lightning
    
    Turkish berk lightning
    
    Maltese beraq lightning
    
    Persian برق barq electricity, flash, sparkle, sheen
    
    Northwest Semitic
    
    Ugaritic 𐎁𐎗𐎖 brq lightning
    
    Canaanite
    
    Hebrew בָּרָק barák lightning, shine, Barak
    
    Aramaic 𐡁𐡓𐡒𐡀 barqā lightning
    
    Classical Syriac ܒܪܩܐ barqā lightning
    
    East Semitic
    
    Akkadian 𒁀𒊏𒄣 baraqu scintillation, shine
    
    Akkadian *baraqtu(m) feminine or abstract/collective noun
    
    Unknown transmission *maraktV?
    
    Classical Greek μᾰ́ραγδος máragdos emerald
    
    Classical Greek σμάραγδος smáragdos emerald
    
    Lithuanian smarãgdas emerald
    
    Latin smaragdus emerald
    
    German Smaragd emerald
    
    Vulgar Latin *smaraldus
    
    Western Romance
    
    Italian smeraldo emerald
    
    Romanian smarald emerald
    
    Old French esmeralde
    
    Spanish esmeralda emerald
    
    Spanish Esmeralda
    
    English Esmeralda
    
    English emerald
    
    French émeraude emerald
    
    Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭦𐭬𐭡𐭥𐭫𐭲 ʾwzmbwlt
    
    Old Armenian զմրուխտ zmruxt emerald
    
    Armenian զմրուխտ zmruxt emerald
    
    Georgian ზურმუხტი zurmuxṭi emerald
    
    Persian زمرد zomorrod emerald
    
    Mandarin 祖母綠 zǔmǔlǜ emerald phono-semantic with 綠 lǜ: "green"
    
    Ottoman Turkish زمرد zümrüd
    
    Turkish zümrüt emerald
    
    Armenian զմրութ zmrutʿ emerald (dialectic)
    
    Arabic زمرد zumurrud emerald
    
    Swahili zumaridi emerald
    
    Malay zamrud emerald
    
    Russian изумру́д izumrúd emerald
    
    Classical Greek σμαράγδιον smarágdion diminutive
    
    Greek σμαράγδι smarágdi emerald
    
    Czech smaragd emerald
    
    Sanskrit 𑀫𑀭𑀓𑀢 marakata emerald
    
    Telugu మరకతము marakatamu emerald
    
    Elu
    
    Sinhala මරා mara
    
    Tibetan མར་གད mar-gad emerald
    
    Mongolian ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳ marɣad emerald
    
    Hindi मरकत markat emerald
    
    Sauraseni 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀤 maragada emerald
    
    Thai มรกต mɔɔ-rá-gòt emerald
  - Semitic *baraḳ- lightning
    
    South Semitic
    
    Old South Arabian
    
    Sabaean 𐩨𐩧𐩤 brq to lightning, a storm, the rainy season
    
    Ethiopic
    
    Amharic በረቀ bäräḳä to lightning, to thunder
    
    Coptic ⲉⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ ebrēce lightning
    
    East Semitic
    
    Akkadian 𒉏𒄈 birqu(m) lightning
    
    Central Semitic *baraḳ
    
    Arabic بَرَقَ baraqa to shine, to flash, to spark, to lightning
    
    Arabic بَرْق barq lightning, telegraph
    
    Ottoman Turkish برق berk lightning
    
    Turkish berk lightning
    
    Maltese beraq lightning
    
    Persian برق barq electricity, flash, sparkle, sheen
    
    Northwest Semitic
    
    Ugaritic 𐎁𐎗𐎖 brq lightning
    
    Canaanite
    
    Hebrew בָּרָק barák lightning, shine, Barak
    
    Canaanite
    
    Phoenician 𐤁𐤓𐤒𐤕 brkt emerald
    
    Unknown transmission *maraktV?
    
    Classical Greek μᾰ́ραγδος máragdos emerald
    
    Classical Greek σμάραγδος smáragdos emerald
    
    Lithuanian smarãgdas emerald
    
    Latin smaragdus emerald
    
    German Smaragd emerald
    
    Vulgar Latin *smaraldus
    
    Western Romance
    
    Italian smeraldo emerald
    
    Romanian smarald emerald
    
    Old French esmeralde
    
    Spanish esmeralda emerald
    
    Spanish Esmeralda
    
    English Esmeralda
    
    English emerald
    
    French émeraude emerald
    
    Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭦𐭬𐭡𐭥𐭫𐭲 ʾwzmbwlt
    
    Old Armenian զմրուխտ zmruxt emerald
    
    Armenian զմրուխտ zmruxt emerald
    
    Georgian ზურმუხტი zurmuxṭi emerald
    
    Persian زمرد zomorrod emerald
    
    Mandarin 祖母綠 zǔmǔlǜ emerald phono-semantic with 綠 lǜ: "green"
    
    Ottoman Turkish زمرد zümrüd
    
    Turkish zümrüt emerald
    
    Armenian զմրութ zmrutʿ emerald (dialectic)
    
    Arabic زمرد zumurrud emerald
    
    Swahili zumaridi emerald
    
    Malay zamrud emerald
    
    Russian изумру́д izumrúd emerald
    
    Classical Greek σμαράγδιον smarágdion diminutive
    
    Greek σμαράγδι smarágdi emerald
    
    Czech smaragd emerald
    
    Sanskrit 𑀫𑀭𑀓𑀢 marakata emerald
    
    Telugu మరకతము marakatamu emerald
    
    Elu
    
    Sinhala මරා mara
    
    Tibetan མར་གད mar-gad emerald
    
    Mongolian ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳ marɣad emerald
    
    Hindi मरकत markat emerald
    
    Sauraseni 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀤 maragada emerald
    
    Thai มรกต mɔɔ-rá-gòt emerald
    
    Hebrew בָּרֶקֶת baréket emerald
    
    Aramaic 𐡁𐡓𐡒𐡀 barqā lightning
    
    Classical Syriac ܒܪܩܐ barqā lightning
- Egyptian 𓃀*𓏲-𓏭:𓂋-𓈎*(𓏤)-𓄿-𓁻 bwyrqꜣ.EYE to sparkle

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Collected English words