Teaser

Godiva, gift, gable, cephalopod, exhibit, habeas corpus, able, ability, habitat, gaffer tape, javelin

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- to give

  • Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰeti

    • Balto-Slavic

      • East Baltic

        • Lithuanian gebė́ti to be able, to tend to
    • Germanic *gebanã to give

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 giban to give
      • North Germanic ᚷᛁᛒᚢ gibu give ^[1]

        • Old Norse gefa

          • Danish give to give
          • Icelandic gefa to give
          • English give
      • West Germanic

        • Old English ġiefan to give

          • English give
        • Frankish

          • Dutch geven to give
        • Old High German geban to give

          • German geben to give
          • Yiddish געבן gebn to give
      • Germanic *gebō gift, the rune ᚷ

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰 giba gift, the letter 𐌲
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse gjǫf gift

            • Icelandic gjöf gift
        • West Germanic *gebu

          • Old English ġiefu gift, the rune ᚷ

            • English gyfu
          • Old High German geba gift
        • Germanic *Gudagebō God-Gift (personal name)

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic

              • Galician Guxeva
          • West Germanic

            • Old English Godġifu

              • English Godiva
        • West Germanic *gābā alternate form

          • Frankish

            • Dutch gave gift
          • Old High German

            • German Gabe gift, dose
            • Yiddish גאָב gob gift
          • Old Saxon *gāva

            • Low German Gaav gift
            • Plautdietsch Gow gift
            • Old Norse gáfa

              • Danish gave gift
              • Icelandic gáfa gift
      • Germanic *giftiz gift, an act of giving

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic *gifts

            • Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰-𐌲𐌹𐍆𐍄𐍃 fra-gifts to give away
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse gipt gift, good luck

            • English gift
        • West Germanic

          • Old English ġift dowry, marriage

            • English gift
          • Old High German

            • German Gift poison

              • Danish gift poison
            • Old High German mitgift

              • German Mitgift dowry
            • Yiddish גיפֿט gift poison
      • Germanic *gabulã

        • West Germanic

          • Old English gafol gift, tribute, due, profit, interest, usury

            • English gavel

              • English gavelkind
      • Germanic *gabī̃ wealth

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹 gabei wealth
  • Proto-Indo-European *gʰobʰeti??

    • Balto-Slavic *gabtei

      • East Baltic

        • Lithuanian góbti to grab, to take, to cover up
      • Slavic *gabati

        • East Slavic

          • Ukrainian га́бати hábaty to seize
        • South Slavic

          • Serbo-Croatian hȁbati to wear out, to abrade
        • West Slavic

          • Polish gabać to accost, to accuse, to sue
  • Proto-Indo-European *gʰébʰos

    • Proto-Indo-European *gʰébʰestis hand, arm

      • Indo-Iranian

        • Indo-Aryan

          • Sanskrit 𑀕𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 gábhasti fork, hand, arm, sunbeam
  • Proto-Indo-European *gʰébʰl̥ head

    • Germanic *gebla head, top, summit, gable

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌻𐌰 gibla pinnacle
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse gafl gable

          • Danish gavl gable
          • Icelandic gafl gable
          • Old French gable gable

            • French gâble gable
            • English gable
      • West Germanic *gebl

        • Old High German gebal head, skull
      • West Germanic *gebil

        • Frankish

          • Dutch gevel face of a building, facade
        • Old High German gibil

          • German Giebel gable
    • Hellenic *képʰəl

      • Hellenic *kepəlā́

        • Ancient Greek κεφᾰλή kephalḗ head, provincial governor

          • Ancient Greek κεφᾰ́λῐον kephálion diminutive

            • Greek κεφάλι kefáli head
          • Coptic ⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲏ kephalē head
          • English cephalo-

            • English cephalopod
        • Ancient Macedonian κεβλή keblḗ head

          • Ancient Macedonian κεβλήπῠρῐς keblḗpuris firecrest (bird)

            • Ancient Greek κεβλήπῠρῐς keblḗpuris firecrest (bird)
    • Tocharian *ćäpāl head

      • Arshian śpāl head
      • Kushean śpāl head
  • Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- to grab, to take

    • Proto-Indo-European ​​*gʰéh₁bʰt

      • Italic *hēpai

        • Oscan hipid takes

          • Oscan pruhipid prevents
    • Proto-Indo-European *gʰh̥₁bʰéh₁yeti

      • Italic *habēō

        • Latin habeō I have, I hold, I own

          • Sardinian àere to have
          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian a avea

              • Romanian avere possesions, weath
          • Western Romance

            • French avoir to have
            • Italian avére to have
            • Spanish haber to have
          • Latin exhibeō I hold out, I deliver, I supply, I give up, I show, I reveal

            • English exhibit
          • Latin inhibeō

            • English inhibit I hold in, I restrain, I inhibit
          • Latin prohibeō I hold forward, I keep away, I protect, I forbid

            • English prohibit
          • Latin habeās corpus ad subjiciendum have the person to be subjected i.e., "bring the detainee to the court"

            • English habeas corpus
          • Latin habilis able to have, having the ability, sufficient, suited

            • Western Romance

              • Old French

                • French habile skillful
                • Dutch abel able, capable
                • English able
              • Italian abile skillful, able
              • Spanish hábil suitable, able, skillful
            • Translingual Homo habilis
            • Latin habilitō I make suitable, I empower, I enable

              • English habilitate
              • Latin habilitās ability, suitability, fitness

                • English ability
          • Latin habēna thong, rein

            • Brythonic *aβuɨn

              • Welsh awen rein
          • Latin habitō I reside, I inhabit

            • Latin habitat it resides ^[2]

              • English habitat
          • Latin habitus

            • English habit
          • Latin inhabitō

            • English inhabit
        • Umbrian 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌀 habia
    • Proto-Indo-European *gʰh̥₁bʰyéti

      • Celtic *gabyeti grabs, seize, holds

        • Brythonic

          • Welsh gafael to hold, to grasp
        • Celtiberian kabizeti
        • Gaulish gabi
        • Old Irish gaibid to hold, to take, to seize, to put on

          • Irish gabh to take, to arrest, to come, to go
          • Old Irish con·gaib to contain, to keep, to uphold

            • Irish coinnigh to maintain, to hold, to store
          • Old Irish fo·ácaib to leave, to relinquish

            • Irish fág to leave, to drop off
    • Proto-Indo-European *gʰh̥₁bʰleh₂ derived noun

      • Celtic *gablā fork

        • Brythonic *gaβl

          • Welsh gafl crotch
          • Brythonic *hɨnn ɣėβl the Twin Forks (place name) dual form

            • Welsh Yr Eifl
        • Gaulish gabalos

          • West Germanic *gabulu fork, pitchfork

            • Old English gafol fork
            • Frankish

              • Dutch gaffel any two-pronged fork, pitchfork or antler

                • Dutch gaffelzeil gafsail

                  • English gaffsail
                • English gaffle
            • Old High German

              • German Gabel fork, pitchfork, prong
              • Yiddish גאָפּל gopl fork
            • Old Saxon

              • Low German Gavel
              • Danish gaffel fork

                • Icelandic gaffall fork
              • Swedish gaffel fork

                • Finnish kahveli gaff, fork
              • Old Occitan gaf hook

                • French gaffe boathook

                  • English gaff

                    • English gaffer

                      • English gaffer tape
                    • English gaffsail
          • Latin gabulus gallows, cross

            • Vulgar Latin

              • Vulgar Latin *gabalottus spear, javelin diminutive

                • Western Romance

                  • Old French javelot javelin

                    • French javelot javelin
                    • Italian giavellotto javelin
                    • Old French javelline

                      • English javelin
                      • Spanish jabalina javeline
        • Old Irish gabul fork, forked branch, gallows

          • Irish gabhal fork, branch, crotch, udder

Visual

Collected English words

give, give, gyfu, Godiva, gift, gift, gavel, gavelkind, gable, cephalo-, cephalopod, exhibit, inhibit, prohibit, habeas corpus, able, Homo habilis, habilitate, ability, habitat, habit, inhabit, gaffsail, gaffle, gaff, gaffer, gaffer tape, gaffsail, javelin

Footnotes

1. ^

   "Gift" is exactly the kind of word that shows up in early runic inscriptions on objects. For example:

   Proto-Norse ᚷᛁᛒᚢ gibu is on the Sjaelland bracteate 2: ᚺᚨᚱᛁᚢᚺᚨᚺᚨᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨ᛬ᚠᚨᚱᚨᚢᛁᛋᚨ᛬ᚷᛁᛒᚢᚨᚢᚽᚨ᛬ᛏᛏᛏ hariuha haitika : farauisa : gibu auja : ttt: "Hariuha, I am called, the Farwise. [I] give good fortune. T(ýr)" (really the three ᛏ runes are stacked on top of each other, thought to signify the god Tyr)

   The past tense of the same verb appears on the Stentoften Runestone: ᚺᚼᚦᚢᚹᛟᛚᚼᚠᛦᚷᚼᚠᛃ Haþuwulfz gaf J: "Hathuwulf gave (a bountiful) y(ear)", with the ᛃ rune similarly standing in for the word "year".

2. ^

   Latin habitat is the 3rd person singular of habitō: "I reside, I inhabit", that is "it resides". This was used by Linnaeus to describe the place a species could be found. Leading to this word becoming a shorthand for the geographical range of a species.