March theme: March of Horses 🐎
Introduction
In which car and horse turn out to be the same word: "thing that runs". As are corsair and hussar.
Teaser
course, corsair, current, curriculum, excursion, parkour, car, charge, walrus, horse, epicurean, corral, rush
Full Text
-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- to run
-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥séti
-
Italic *korzō
-
Latin currō I run
-
Eastern Romance
- Romanian curge flow, run, drip
-
Central Romance
- Italian correre to run, to hurry
- Sardinian cúrrere
-
Western Romance
-
French corir to run
- English courier
- Haitian Creole kouri to run
- Spanish correr to run, to flow, to chase away, to rush
-
-
Latin cursus race, path, serires of events
-
French cours course
-
English course
- English coarse [1]
-
-
Medieval Latin cursīvus running, flowing
-
French cursif cursive
- English cursive
-
Medieval Latin recursīvus
- English recursive
-
-
Medieval Latin cursārius pirate, riding horse
-
French coursier steed, courser, messenger
- English courser
- Spanish corcel steed
-
Italian corsaro pirate, privateer
-
Arabic قرصان qurṣān pirate, hacker
-
Ottoman Turkish قرصان korsan pirate
- Turkish korsan pirate
-
-
French corsaire privateer, pirate, corsair
- English corsair
-
Byzantine Greek χωσάριος khōsários pirate, corsair
-
Serbo-Croatian гу̏са̄р gȕsār pirate, corsair, highwayman
-
Hungarian huszár cavalryman, knight (chess), hussar
-
French hussard hussar
- English hussar
-
-
-
-
-
-
Latin concursus
- English concourse
- French concours competition, contest
-
Latin discursus
-
Central Romance
- Dalmatian discuars speech, chat, discourse
- Italian discorso speech, address, conversation, subject
-
French discours oration, discourse
- English discourse
-
Welsh disgwrs
- Welsh sgwrs conversation
-
-
Latin intercursus
-
Western Romance
-
Old French entrecours
- English intercourse
-
-
-
Latin percursus
-
Western Romance
-
French parcours
-
French parkour
- English parkour
-
-
-
-
Latin recursus
-
Central Romance
- Italian ricorso
-
Western Romance
-
French recours
- English recourse
-
-
Medieval Latin recursīvus
- English recursive
-
-
Latin succursus
-
Central Romance
- Italian soccorso
-
Western Romance
-
French secours
- English succor
- Spanish socorro
-
-
-
-
Latin cursor runner, racer, messenger, courier
- English cursor
-
Latin cursōrius running
-
Eastern Romance
- Romanian cursoare current, tide, flow archaic
-
Central Romance
- Italian corsoio slide, slider
-
Western Romance
-
Old French cursoire
- English cursory
-
-
-
Latin praecursor
- English precursor
-
Latin currēns running, hurrying
-
Central Romance
- Italian corrente running, current, valid, ordinary, trend
-
Western Romance
-
French courant running, current of water or electricity
- English current
- Spanish corriente flowing, running, current, ordinary, trend
-
-
Latin currentia
- English currency
-
Latin concurrēns
-
Western Romance
-
French concurrent concurrent, simultaneous, in competition with
- English concurrent
-
-
-
Latin occurrēns
-
Western Romance
-
French occurence
- English occurence
-
-
-
-
Latin curriculum a race, a racecourse, a racing chariot
- English curriculum
-
Latin curricularis
-
English curricular
- English extracurricular
-
-
New Latin curriculum vitae course of life
- English curriculum vitae
- English CV
-
Latin accurrō I rush (to help), I charge (to attack) "run to"
-
Central Romance
- Italian accórrere to rush towards, to rush to help
-
Western Romance
- French accourir to rush up to, hurry to
- Spanish acorrer to help, to go to the aid of
-
-
Latin concurrō I run in a group, I flock, I agree with, I attack "run with"
- English concur
-
Latin concursus
- English concourse
- French concours competition, contest
-
Latin concurrēns
-
Western Romance
-
French concurrent concurrent, simultaneous, in competition with
- English concurrent
-
-
-
Latin discurrō I run to and fro, I wander "run apart"
-
Central Romance
- Italian discórrere to talk, to chat
-
Western Romance
- French discourir to talk, to hold forth
- Spanish descorrer
-
Latin discursus
-
Central Romance
- Dalmatian discuars speech, chat, discourse
- Italian discorso speech, address, conversation, subject
-
French discours oration, discourse
- English discourse
-
Welsh disgẃrs
- Welsh sgwrs conversation
-
-
-
Latin excurrō I run out, I sally forth, I extend
-
Central Romance
- Italian scorrere
-
Eastern Romance
-
Romanian a scure
- Romanian a scurge
-
-
Western Romance
- Spanish escurrir
-
Latin excursiō
- English excursion
-
-
Latin incurrō I run in, I attack, I invade, I happen "run in"
-
Central Romance
- Italian incórrere
-
Eastern Romance
- Romanian a încura
-
Western Romance
-
Old French encorre
- French encourir
- English incur
-
-
-
Latin intercurrō I run between, I mingle with "run between"
-
Central Romance
- Italian intercórrere
-
Latin intercursus
-
Western Romance
-
Old French entrecours
- English intercourse
-
-
-
-
Latin occurō I run into, I meet, I oppose, I reply, I appear, I occur "run against"
-
Central Romance
- Italian occórrere
-
Western Romance
-
Old French
- English occur
- Spanish ocurrir
-
-
Latin occurrēns
-
Western Romance
-
French occurence
- English occurence
-
-
-
-
Latin percurrō
-
Central Romance
- Italian percórrere
-
Western Romance
- French parcourir
- Spanish percorrer
-
Latin percursus
-
Western Romance
-
French parcours
-
French parkour
- English parkour
-
-
-
-
-
Latin praecurrō
-
Central Romance
- Italian precorrere
-
Latin praecursor
- English precursor
-
-
Latin recurrō
-
Central Romance
- Italian ricorrere
-
Western Romance
- French recourir
- Spanish recorrer
- English recur
-
Latin recursus
-
Central Romance
- Italian ricorso
-
Western Romance
-
French recours
- English recourse
-
-
Medieval Latin recursīvus
- English recursive
-
-
-
Latin succurrō
-
Central Romance
- Italian soccorrere
-
Western Romance
- French secourir
- Spanish socorrer
-
Latin succursus
-
Central Romance
- Italian soccorso
-
Western Romance
-
French secours
- English succor
- Spanish socorro
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Proto-Indo-European *kr̥sos runner
-
Celtic *karros wagon [2]
-
Brythonic *karr
- Welsh car automobile [2]
-
Old Irish carr wagon
- Irish carr cart, automobile [2]
-
Gaulish *karros
-
Latin carrus wagon
-
Eastern Romance
- Romanian car cart, chariot
-
Central Romance
- Italian carro wagon, cart, van, truck
-
Western Romance
- Spanish carro wagon, automobile
-
Old French car cart
-
Anglo-Norman carre cart
- English car
-
Old French cariot little cart
- French chariot trolley
- English chariot
-
Old French carier to carry
- French charrier to carry, to transport
- English carry
-
Old French cariage transportion, carrying
- English carriage
- Spanish carruaje carriage
-
-
Latin carrūca chariot, coach, wheeled plow
-
Eastern Romance
- Romanian căruță wagon, cart
-
Central Romance
- Italian carrozza carriage, rail car
-
Western Romance
-
French charrue plow, snow plow
- French carrosse carriage
- Greek καρότσα karótsa trailer, back of a pickup truck, carriage
- Spanish carroza carriage, hearse, old-fashioned
-
-
-
Latin (via) carrāria wagon road
-
Eastern Romance
- Romanian cărare path, footway
-
Central Romance
- Italian carraia street, road, wagon path (archaic)
-
Western Romance
- French charrière path, route, road
-
Old Occitan
-
French carrière race course, career
- English career
- Italian carriera career
- Spanish carrera race, course of study, career, run
-
-
-
Latin carricō I load (a wagon), I load (a weapon)
-
Eastern Romance
- Romanian a încărca to charge, to load, to burden
-
Central Romance
-
Italian caricare to load, to stow, to emphasize, to charge
- Italian carico the act of loading, a load, cargo
-
Italian caricatura emphasis, exaggeration, caricature
-
French caricature caricature
- English caricature
-
-
-
Western Romance
-
French charger to load, to charge, to overact, to see to
- English charge
-
Spanish cargar to charge, to load, to pester
-
Spanish cargo charge, burden, position
-
English cargo
- French cargo freighter, ship designed to carry freight
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Germanic *hrussã horse
-
North Germanic
-
Old Norse hross horse
-
Old Norse hross-hvalr horse-whale, walrus
-
Danish hvalros walrus
- English walrus
-
-
-
-
West Germanic
-
Old English hors horse
-
English horse
- Māori hōiho horse
-
-
Frankish rosse horse
- Dutch ros horse, steed replaced by paard
- French rosse asshole
-
Old High German hros horse
- German Ross horse regional/poetic/archaic, replaced by Pferd
- Old Prussian russis horse
-
-
-
Hellenic
-
Classical Greek ἐπίκουρος epíkouros helper, assistant, ally, mercenary [3]
-
Classical Greek Ἐπῐ́κουρος Epíkouros Helper (personal name)
- Greek Επίκουρος Epíkouros
-
Latin Epicūrus
- English Epicurus
-
Hebrew אֶפִּיקוֹרוֹס 'epikorós heretic, apostate
-
Yiddish אַפּיקורס apikoyres heretic, unbeliever
- English apikoros
-
-
Classical Greek Ἐπικούρειος Epikoúreios Epicurean
-
Latin Epicureus Epicurean
-
Old French Epicurien
-
English Epicurean
- English epicurean
-
-
-
-
-
-
Italic *korzos
-
Latin currus chariot
-
Latin curūlis of a chariot, for a chariot, a ceremonial seat for high magistrates
- Spanish carril lane, track, rail
-
Vulgar Latin *currale place for keeping a chariot
-
Western Romance
-
Portuguese curral corral, pen
-
Dutch kraal corral, kraal
-
Afrikaans kraal corral, kraal
- English kraal
-
-
-
Spanish corral corral, enclosure
- English corral
-
-
-
-
-
-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥snéh₂ti to run and run, to hurry imperfective iterative
-
Germanic *hurzaną hurry
-
North Germanic
-
Old Norse
- Norwegian hurre whirl around
-
-
West Germanic
-
Old English
- English hurry
- Old High German hurren to hurry, to hasten
-
-
-
-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥skós fast
-
Germanic *hurskaz fast, quick, lively
-
North Germanic
-
Old Norse horskr
- Icelandic horskur clever
- Finnish hurskas wise, pious
-
-
West Germanic
- Old English horsc
-
Germanic *hurskijanã to be fast, to rush
-
East Germanic
-
Gothic *hruskan
- Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 andhruskan to explore, to investigate lit. "rush towards"
-
-
West Germanic
-
Old English hrysċan to jolt, to startle
- English rush
-
-
-
-
-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥s-r-u-
-
Tocharian
- Arshian kursär vehicle
- Kushean kwarsär vehicle
-
-
Visual
Collected English words
courier, course, coarse, cursive, courser, corsair, hussar, cursor, cursory, current, currency, curriculum, curricular, extracurricular, curriculum vitae, CV, concur, concourse, concurrent, discourse, excursion, incur, intercourse, occur, occurence, parkour, precursor, recur, recourse, recursive, succor, car, chariot, carry, carriage, career, caricature, charge, cargo, walrus, horse, Epicurus, apikoros, Epicurean, epicurean, kraal, corral, hurry, rush
Footnotes
-
^
The meaning of coarse comes from the semantic chain from "Following the usual course" to "ordinary, common" to "low quality" to "rough"
-
^
Welsh car and Irish carr—both meaning "car"—seem like they must be borrowings from English car, but they are not! They are direct descendants from Celtic *karros: "wagon", which was also borrowed into Latin and passed through French to English car. (Though there could easily have been some borrowing of meanings to the existing words.)
There is also a Celtic word *karbantos: "chariot"—the ultimate origin of carpenter, as well as Irish carbad: "chariot"—that could be related to *karros: "wagon", but probably isn't.
-
^
Greek ἐπίκουρος epíkouros: "helper, assistant, ally, mercenary" has traditionally been derived from *ḱers- assuming a sense of something like "one who runs along with". Alternatively, it may equivalent to Mycenaean 𐀁𐀠𐀒𐀺 e-pi-ko-wo, probably equivalent to Archaic Greek *epikorwos from ἐπί-κοέω: "to watch over".