Introduction
June is for Justice. Justice is Life. ✊🏿✊🏽✊🏼 🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️
Teaser
Ayurveda, hygiene, forever, not, age, eternal, medieval, young, June, jury, injury, prejudice, justice
Full Text
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- life, age, vital, eternal
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu
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Old Armenian այո ayo yes "on my life??"
- Armenian այո ayo yes
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Indo-Iranian *Hā́yu lifetime, life
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Indo-Aryan *Hā́yu
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Sanskrit 𑀆𑀬𑀼 ā́yu age, life, lifespan
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Pali āyu
- Thai อายุ aa-yú age, life, lifespan
- Telugu ఆయువు āyuvu age, lifetime
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- Sanskrit आयुः ā́yuḥ alive, life, health, lifespan, world (all living things)
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Sanskrit आयुर्वेदः āyurvédaḥ science of health, Ayurveda
- Hindi आयुर्वेद āyurved Ayurveda
- English Ayurveda
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Iranian *Hā́yu
- Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬏 āiiū life, time, lifetime
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂eywestom
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Celtic *aiwestom age, lifetime, era
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Brythonic *oɨs
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Welsh oes age, era
- Welsh canoloesol medieval
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Brythonic *oɨd
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Middle Welsh
- Welsh oed age
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Old Irish áes age, years, era, lifetime
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Middle Irish
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Irish aois age, life expectancy, old age, era, century
- Irish meánaoiseach medieval
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yugʷih₃s long life [1]
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Germanic *ajukiz eternal, long lasting
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West Germanic
- Old English ēċe perpetual, eternal, ever-lasting
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Germanic *ajukidūþiz eternity
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌳𐌿𐌸𐍃 ajukduþs eternity
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Hellenic
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Classical Greek ὑγιής hugiḗs healthy, strong, wholesome
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Classical Greek ὑγίεια hugíeia health
- Greek υγεία ygeía health
- Greek γεια geia hello, salutations, cheers, bravo
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Classical Greek ὑγιεινή hugieinḗ healthy practices, promoting health
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French hygiène hygiene
- English hygiene
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Indo-Iranian
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Iranian
- Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈-𐬘𐬍 yauuae-jī living forever
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
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Parthian yāwēd eternal
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Old Armenian յաւէժ yawēž eternal, always
- Armenian հավերժ haverž perpetual, eternal, undying
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Italic
- Latin iūgis continual, perpetual, ever-flowing
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Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂gʷ- youth, vigor possibly a re-analyzed root from the noun *h₂yugʷih₃-s
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Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂gʷti *Hyeh₂gʷeti is youthful, is vigorous root imperfective
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Balto-Slavic *jḗˀgtei to be vigorous, to be capable
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Baltic
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East Baltic
- Latvian jēgt to be able to, to know how to, to understand
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Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂gʷeh₂ abstract noun
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Balto-Slavic *jḗˀgāˀ capacity, power
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Baltic
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian jėga power, force
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Slavic
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East Slavic
- Russian яглый jaglyj vigorous, energetic
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Hellenic
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Classical Greek ἥβη hḗbē youth, vigor
- Greek ήβη ívi puberty
- Classical Greek Ἥβη Hḗbē Divinity of Youth
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Classical Greek ἔφηβος éphēbos adolescent, young soldier in training
- Greek έφηβος éfivos teenager
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Latin ephēbus a youth, especially a Greek youth
- English ephebe
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Ottoman Turkish افه efe older brother, sheepdog, rowdy young man
- Turkish efe older brother, a brave man, a man with rough manners
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Proto-Indo-European *Hyéh₂gʷus young, youthful
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂oyus oblique stem *h₂yéw-
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂oyuHō
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Hellenic
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Classical Greek αἰών aiṓn lifetime, generation, era, eternity
- Greek αιώνας aiónas century, era, eon, eternity
- Latin aeōn age, eternity
- English eon / aeon
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō *h₂yéwHōn young
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Indo-Iranian *HyúHā *HyúHān youthful, young
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Indo-Aryan *HyúHā *HyúHān
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Sanskrit 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀦𑁆 yúvan young, strong, healthy, good, a youth
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Hindi युवा yuvā young
- Hindi युवावस्था yuvāvasthā youth
- Telugu యువ yuva young
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Iranian *HyúHā *HyúHān
- Avestan 𐬫𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 yuuan
- Pashto ځوان źwā́n young, a young person
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Scythian
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Saka
- Khotani jvā
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
- Kurdish ciwan young, beauty
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Old Persian
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Middle Persian
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Persian جوان ǰawān young, young person
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Hindustani
- Hindi जवान javān young, young person, soldier
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHnos
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Balto-Slavic *jauˀnás young
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian jaunas young
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Slavic *jȗnъ young
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East Slavic
- Russian юный júnyj young, juvenile
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic юнъ junŭ young
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuHn̥ḱós
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Celtic *yowankos
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Brythonic *jowank
- Welsh ieuanc young, juvenile, unmarried
- Welsh ifanc young, juvenile
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Gaulish Iouinca personal name: Young
- Gaulish Ioincorix personal name: Young-King
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Old Irish óc young, young man, warrior
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Middle Irish
- Irish óg young, minor, fresh, new
- Manx aeg young, adolescent
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Old Irish Tír inna n-Óc Land of the Young, Tír na nÓg (mythical place)
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Middle Irish
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Irish Tír na nÓg
- English Tir na Nog
- Manx Çheer ny Aeg
- Scottish Gaelic Tìr nan Òg
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Germanic *jungaz young
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East Germanic
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Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍃 juggs young
- Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 juggalauþs young man
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North Germanic
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Old Norse ungr young
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Old East Norse
- Danish ung young
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Old West Norse
- Icelandic ungur young
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West Germanic
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Old English ġeong
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Middle English yong / yonge
- English young
- Scots yung
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Frankish *jung *junk
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Middle Dutch jonc
- Dutch jong young, new
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Old High German jung
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Middle High German
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German jung young
- German Junge boy
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German Jung
- English Jungian
- Yiddish יונג yung young
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Indo-Iranian *HyuHaćás
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀰 yuvaśá young
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Iranian
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Scythian
- Ossetian иуонуг iwonug young bull
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Italic *juwenkos
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Latin iuvencus young, young man, young bull
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Central Romance
- Italian giovenco young bull
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian junc young bull
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- Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌂𐌀𐌓 iuengar young cows
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuHn̥téh₂ youngness, youth state of being
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Germanic *jundō
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East Germanic
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Gothic *junds? youth
- Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹 jundai in youth locative
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Indo-Iranian *HyuHatáH
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀢𑀸 yuvatā́ youth
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Italic *juwentā
- Latin iuventa youth
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yúHn̥tis youngness, youth abstract noun
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Germanic *juwunþiz *jugunþiz youth
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West Germanic
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Old English ġeoguþ youth
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Middle English youghte / youthe
- English youth
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Frankish *juguth
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Middle Dutch joghet / juegt
- Dutch jeugd youth
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Old High German jugund
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Middle High German jugent
- German Jugend youth
- Yiddish יוגנט yugnt youth
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀢𑀺 yuvatí young woman, girl
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Pali 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀢𑀻 yuvatī
- Khmer យុវតី yuvĕəʼdəy young woman
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Sauraseni 𑀚𑀼𑀯𑀇 juvaï
- Romani ʒuvli woman, lady
- Hindi युवती yuvtī young woman, damsel
- Telugu యువతి yuvati young woman
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuHónis
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Italic *juwenis young
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Latin iuvenis iuvenem young, young person
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Central Romance
- Italian giovane young, young person
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Eastern Romance
- Aromanian gioni young, brave, young person, hero
- Romanian june
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Western Romance
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Old French jovene / juefne / juene
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Middle French jeune
- French jeune young, young person
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Latin iuvenscere to grow young (again)
- English rejuvenate
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Latin iunior younger
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Western Romance
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Old French joindre / gaindre
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Middle French
- French geindre apprentice baker
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- English junior
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Latin iuvenīlis youthful, juvenile
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Central Romance
- Italian giovanile young, early
- English juvenile
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Latin Iūnō Divinity of Women, Life Force, and Youth
- English Juno
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Latin mēnsis iūnius / mēnsis Iūnius / iūnius / Iūnius of Juno, the month of Juno, June
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Central Romance
- Italian giugno June
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Western Romance
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French juin June
- English June
- Haitian Creole jen June
- Persian ژوئن žu'an June
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Spanish junio June
- Tagalog Hunyo June
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Koine Greek Ἰούνιος Ioúnios
- Greek Ιούνιος Ioúnios June
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Old Armenian յունիս yunis June
- Armenian հունիս hunis June
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Old Church Slavonic июнии ijunii June
- Russian июнь ijunʹ June
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Germanic *aiwaz long time, age, eternity, law?
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East Germanic
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Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 aiws lifetime, eternity
- Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍇𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌰𐌽 aiwxaristian thanksgiving, Eucharist
- Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍅 aiw always
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North Germanic
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Old Norse ey always, ever
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Old West Norse
- Icelandic æ always, forever
- Scots aye ever, always
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West Germanic *aiw
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Old English ā ever, always
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Old English ā in feorh always in life, lifelong
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Old English ǣfre ever contraction
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Middle English
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English ever
- English forever
- English however
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Old English nǣfre never
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Middle English navere / nevere
- English never
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West Germanic *aiwgahwaþar
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Old English nāhwæþer neither
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Middle English nouther / nother / nawther
- English nor
- English neither
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Old English ǣġhwæþer / āhwæþer / āþor each, both
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Middle English either / ayther
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Middle English other / or or
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English or
- English nor
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English either
- English neither
- Scots aither
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- Old Saxon ēogihwethar each
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West Germanic *naiw *nai
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West Germanic *naiwwiht nothing lit. "not ever a thing"
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West Germanic *dugan-naiwwiht good-for-nothing lit. "useful-not-thing"
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Frankish
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Middle Dutch
- Dutch deugniet good-for-nothing, rascal, knave
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Old High German
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Middle High German
- German Taugenichts good-for-nothing
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Old Saxon
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Middle Low German
- Danish døgenigt lazy person
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Old English nāht nought, nothing
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Middle English nought / naught / nowt
- English naught
- English nought
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Middle English not / nat / note
- English not
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Frankish
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Middle Dutch nicht / niet
- Dutch niet nothing
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Old High German nieht / niht
- Middle High German
- German nicht not, non
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West Germanic *naiwwihtig having, doing, or being nothing, nothing-y
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Old English
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Middle English noughti / naughty
- English naughty
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Frankish
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Middle Dutch nietich
- Dutch nietig insignificant, void, annulled
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Old High German
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Middle High German
- German nichtig void, invalid, trivial, empty
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Old English nā not, no, never
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Old English nǣfre never
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Middle English navere / nevere
- English never
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Old English nāhwæþer neither
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Middle English nouther / nother / nawther
- English nor
- English neither
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- Middle English no
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Frankish *ēwa
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Middle Dutch ewe / eeu
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Dutch eeuw century, very long time, eternity
- Dutch middeleeuws medieval
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West Germanic *aiwwiht anything lit. "ever a thing"
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Old English āwiht anything, at all
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Middle English
- English aught
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Frankish
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Old Dutch iowiht
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Middle Dutch iewet / iet
- Dutch iets something, anything
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West Germanic *naiwwiht nothing lit. "not ever a thing"
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West Germanic *dugan-naiwwiht good-for-nothing lit. "useful-not-thing"
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Frankish
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Middle Dutch
- Dutch deugniet good-for-nothing, rascal, knave
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Old High German
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Middle High German
- German Taugenichts good-for-nothing
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Old Saxon
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Middle Low German
- Danish døgenigt lazy person
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Old English nāht nought, nothing
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Middle English nought / naught / nowt
- English naught
- English nought
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Middle English not / nat / note
- English not
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Frankish
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Middle Dutch nicht / niet
- Dutch niet nothing
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Old High German nieht / niht
- Middle High German
- German nicht not, non
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West Germanic *naiwwihtig having, doing, or being nothing, nothing-y
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Old English
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Middle English noughti / naughty
- English naughty
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Frankish
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Middle Dutch nietich
- Dutch nietig insignificant, void, annulled
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Old High German
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Middle High German
- German nichtig void, invalid, trivial, empty
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Finnic *aika time
- Estonian aeg time, period, duration, tense
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Finnish aika time, moment, appointment
- Finnish aikuinen adult lit. "thing made from time"
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Germanic *aiwīgaz eternal, long-lasting
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West Germanic
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Frankish *ēwig
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Middle Dutch ewich
- Dutch eeuwig eternal
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Old High German ēwig
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Middle High German ewic / ewec
- German ewig eternal, everlasting
- Yiddish אייביק eybik eternal
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Germanic *aiwahaftaz true, honorable, lawful lit. "long-holding"
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West Germanic
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Frankish
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Middle Dutch
- Dutch echt authentic, true, real, marriage, truly
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- Old High German ēhaft
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Old Saxon *ēhaft
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Middle Low German echt
- Low German echt
- German ächt / echt authentic, true, proper
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Danish ægte true, right
- Icelandic ekta real, genuine
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Germanic *Aiwarīks personal name: Eternal-King or Forever-Rich
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East Germanic
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Gothic *Aiwareiks
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Latin Eurichus
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Western Romance
- Spanish Eurico
- English Euric
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North Germanic
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Old Norse Eiríkr
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Old East Norse
- Danish Erik
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Old West Norse
- Icelandic Eiríkur
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Old English Eoric
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Middle English Eric
- English Eric
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Hellenic *aiwei locative
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Classical Greek ἀεί aeí always, forever
- Greek αεί aeí always, forever
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Italic *aiwom
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Italic *aiwotāts
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Latin aetās era, term, duration, lifetime
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Central Romance
- Italian età age, era, period
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Western Romance
- Old French aé age
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Spanish edad age, duration
- Tagalog edad age
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Vulgar Latin *aetāticum age
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Western Romance
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Old French edage / eage / aage age
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Middle French âge
- French âge age
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Middle English age / aage
- English age
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- Latin aetas aënea Bronze Age
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Latin aeternus permanent, eternal, immortal
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Latin aeternitās / aeternitātem
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French éternité
- English eternity
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Central Romance
- Italian eterno eternal, eternity
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Western Romance
- Spanish eterno eternal
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Latin aeternālis
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Middle French
- French éternel
- English eternal
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Latin longaevus ancient, of great age
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Latin longaevitās / longaevitātem long life
- English longevity
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New Latin medium aevum middle ages
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New Latin mediaevālis of a middle age, medieval
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French médiéval
- English medieval
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Latin aevum time, eternity, lifetime, age, generation
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Central Romance
- Italian evo era, long time
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- justice, law new root formed by re-analysis
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yeweseh₂yeti itensive/causative
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Italic *jowezāyezi swear an oath
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Old Latin iovesat vows, prays Duenos inscription
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Latin iūrāre to swear an oath, to vow
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Central Romance
- Italian giurare to swear, to vow
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian jura to swear
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Albanian *gjëroj
- Albanian përgjëroj I swear
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Western Romance
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Old French jurer
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Middle French
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French jurer to swear, to promise, to curse
- French juron swearword
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Old French jureor lit. "swearer, oath-taker"
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Middle French
- French jureur juror
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Middle English jurour / jurrour
- English juror
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- Spanish jurar to swear, to vow, to curse
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Latin iuramentum oath, vow
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Central Romance
- Italian giuramento oath
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian jurământ oath, vow
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Western Romance
- Spanish juramento oath, sworn statement
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Latin iuratus on oath, sworn, having vowed
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Central Romance
- Italian giurato sworn, juror
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Eastern Romance
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Romanian jurat vowed, sworn, juror
- Romanian Jurat
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Western Romance
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Old French jurét / juré
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Middle French
- French juré juror
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Middle English jure
- English jury
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- Spanish jurado juror, jury, referee
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- English jurat
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Latin abiurare to deny an oath, to abjure
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Central Romance
- Italian abiurare to abjure
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French abjurer to renounce, to abjure, to apostatize
- English abjure
- Spanish abjurar to abjure
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Latin coniurare to swear together, to unite by oath, to conspire
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Central Romance
- Italian congiurare to conspire, to plot
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French conjurer to beseech, to conspire, to ward off, to conjure (magic)
- English conjure
- Spanish conjurar to conspire, to conjure (magic), to excorcise, to avert, to get together
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Latin periurare to swear falsely, to perjure oneself or peierare
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Central Romance
- Italian spergiurare to commit perjury
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French parjurer
- English perjure
- Spanish perjurar to perjure, to re-swear
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwos
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Germanic
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West Germanic
- Old English ǣ law, marriage
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Old High German ēwa
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Middle High German ēwe / ē
- German Ehe marriage
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Indo-Iranian *Hyáwš
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Indo-Aryan *Hyáwṣ
- Sanskrit 𑀬𑁄𑀲𑁆 yós welfare, health, happiness
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Iranian *Hyáwš
- Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬱 yaoš lifetime
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Italic
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Latin ius law, right, court of law
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Latin iudicare to judge, to pass judgment, to proclaim, to determine, to condemn lit. "to speak law"
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Central Romance
- Italian giudicare to judge
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian judeca to judge
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Western Romance
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French juger to judge, to try, to deem
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French jugement
- English judgement
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- Spanish juzgar to judge, to try, to consider
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- English judicate
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Latin iudicium judgment, opinion, decision, trial
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Central Romance
- Italian giudizio judgment, wisdom, trial, opinion, assessment
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian județ county, jurisdiction
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Western Romance
- Spanish juicio trial, verdict, opinion, good judgment
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Latin praeiūdicium prejudgment, precedent, example
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French préjudice harm, damage
- English prejudice
- Italian pregiudizio prejudice, bias, detriment
- Spanish perjuicio detriment
- Spanish prejuicio prejudice
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Latin iūrisdictiō jurisdiction
- English jurisdiction
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Latin iudex judge, umpire, juror "law speaker"
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Central Romance
- Italian giudice judge, magistrate, umpire
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian jude prince (minor ruler)
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Western Romance
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French juge judge, referee
- English judge
- Spanish juez judge, umpire, referee
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Central Romance
- Italian giure law, jurisprudence
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Western Romance
- Spanish juro ownership
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Medieval Latin iurisprudentia expertise in law, jurisprudence
- English jurisprudence
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Latin iniūria wrongdoing, offense, slander, injury lit. "not-law"
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Western Romance
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French injure offense, insult
- English injury
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yewdʰos
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Celtic *yowdos
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Brythonic *jʉð judge, lord
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Brythonic *Grifujʉð personal name: Griffin?-Lord
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Welsh Gruffudd
- English Griffith
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Brythonic *Blėðɨjʉð personal name: Wolf-Lord
- Welsh Bleiddudd
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Brythonic *Jʉðonerθ personal name: Lord-Strength
- Welsh Idnerth
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Brythonic *Ėljʉð personal name: Second-Lord
- Welsh Eiludd
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Brythonic *Mọrjʉð personal name: Great?-Lord
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Welsh Maredudd
- English Meredith
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂yewestos
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Italic *jowestos
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Latin iustus just, righteous, legal
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Latin iūstificāre
- English justify
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Latin iustitia justice, fairness
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French justice
- English justice
- Italian giustizia
- Spanish justicia
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Visual
Collected English words
or, nor, Ayurveda, hygiene, ephebe, ever, forever, however, aught, Euric, Eric, age, eternal, eternity, longevity, eon, young, Jungian, youth, rejuvenate, junior, juvenile, Juno, juror, jury, jurat, abjure, conjure, perjure, jurisprudence, injury, judgement, judicate, prejudice, jurisdiction, judge, Griffith, Meredith, justice, justify, medieval, June, never, neither, naught, nought, not, naughty, Tir na Nog, either
Footnotes
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*h₂yugʷih₃s: "long life" (hygiene, etc.) is a compound of *h₂ey- with *gʷeyh₃-: "to live".
Germanic *ajukiz is definitely derived from *h₂yu-, but only tentatively derived from *h₂yugʷih₃-s, as a possible explanation for the presence of the -k-.
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The Oscan -ieíis—and the Latinization Iegius (compare Magius from Oscan Maius)—while appearing to be a family name (nomen gentilicium) in context, may originally mean "the Younger", "Junior" to distinguish a man who had the same name as his father. The attested Oscan -ieíis does indeed seem to have had the same name as his father: Minius Iegius, son of Minius or possibly Minatus Leguis, son of Minatus.
Or it may be more similar to familiar Latin nomina, and be equivalent to Italic *-ios—a denominal adjective—instead of *-iōs, a comparative; in which case probably a descendant of someone called the equivalent of Latin Iegus, possibly originally a nickname: "the Youth".