Introduction
Note: significantly updated 2026-08
Teaser
lion, leopard, chameleon, dandelion, Aaron, Ariel
Full Text
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Afro-Asiatic *labiwʾ- *libawʾ- lion
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Semitic *labiʾ- *libaʾ- lion
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Central Semitic
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Northwest Semitic
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Canaanite
- Hebrew לָבִיא laví lion (archaic)
- Ugaritic 𐎍𐎁𐎜 lbủ lion
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Semitic *lbʾt lioness
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Central Semitic *lbʾt lioness
- Arabic لَبُؤَة labuʾaᵗ lioness
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Central Semitic *ʿbdlbʾt personal name: Servant of the Lioness
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Northwest Semitic
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Canaanite
- Phoenician 𐤀𐤁𐤃𐤋𐤁𐤏𐤕 ʿbdlbʾt Servant of the Lioness
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- Ugaritic 𐎀𐎁𐎄𐎍𐎁𐎓𐎚 ʿbdlbʾt Servant of the Lioness
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-
-
Egyptian 𓃭 rw *rīwa? lion [3]
-
? **liwa? lion
-
Tyrsenian **lau **liw
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
-
Hittite *liun-?
-
Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺𒇷𒌋𒈾𒀸 Āppaliunāš protective deity of Wilusa (Troy), Leonine-Father?? [5]
-
Hellenic *Apaľun Apollo [5]
- Mycenaean Greek ...𐀟𐁊... ...pe-rjo... Apollo? Hyperion?
-
Archaic Greek
- Arcadocypriot 𐠀𐠡𐠒𐠛 / Ἀπείλων a-po-lo-ni Apeílōn Apollo
- Doric Greek Ἀπέλλων
-
Classical Greek Ἀπόλλων Apóllōn Apollo [5]
- Classical Greek Ἀπολλόδωρος Apollódōros personal name: Apollo-Gift
- Greek Απόλλων / Απόλλωνας Apóllon Apóllonas Apollo
-
Faliscan 𐌀𐌐𐌏𐌋𐌏 apolo
- Etruscan 𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌋𐌖 / 𐌀𐌐𐌋𐌖 Apulu Aplu
-
Latin Apollō / Apollōnem / Apollinem Apollo
- English Apollo
- Classical Greek Ἀπολλώνιος Apollṓnios
-
-
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀩𐀺 re-wo le-wo lion
-
Archaic Greek *lewon *lewon-
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
-
Classical Greek λέων / λεων- / λεωντ- léon leon- leont- lion
-
Classical Greek χαμαιλέων khamailéōn chameleon [1]
- Greek χαμαιλέοντας chamailéontas chameleon
-
Latin chamaeleon chameleon
- Italian camaleonte chameleon
-
Middle French cameleon chameleon
- French caméléon chameleon
- English chameleon spelling re-Latinized in 1700s
- Spanish camaleón chameleon
- Serbo-Croatian камелеон kameleon chameleon
- Russian хамелеон xameleon chameleon
- Greek λιοντάρι liontári lion
- Albanian luan
- Coptic ⲗⲉⲱⲛ leōn lion
-
Latin leō / leōnem lion
- Latin Pāpa Leō Quārtusdecimus
-
German Leopold altered by association with leo
- English Leopold
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
- Albanian luan
-
Central Romance
-
Italian lione
-
Italian liocorno unicorn
- Italian alicorno unicorn
- French licorne
- Italian leone lion
-
-
-
Insular Romance
- Sardinian leone lion
-
Western Romance
-
Old French leon / liun / lion lion
-
Middle French lyon lion
- French lion lion
- Haitian Creole lyon lion
-
Middle English lyoun / lion / leon lion
-
English lion
- Hawaiʻian liona lion
- Japanese ライオン raion lion
- English Lion-man
-
-
-
Spanish león lion
- Quechua liyun lion
-
-
Latin dēns leōnis dandelion
- German Löwenzahn dandelion
-
Central Romance
- Italian dente di leone dandelion
-
Western Romance
-
Old French dent de lion dandelion
-
Middle Welsh dant y llew dandelion
- Welsh dant y llew dandelion
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Middle English dentdelyon dandelion
- English dandelion dandelion
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- Spanish diente de león / diente leonés dandelion
-
-
Germanic *lewô
-
East Germanic
-
Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 laiwa lion
-
Slavic *lь̀vъ
-
East Slavic львъ / левъ lĭvŭ levŭ
- Belarusian леў ljeŭ
- Russian лев lev lion
-
Ukrainian лев lev lion
-
Ukrainian Львів Lʹviv place name and patronymic: of Lev, of Leo
- English Lviv
-
-
South Slavic
-
Old Church Slavonic ⰾⱐⰲⱏ / львъ lĭvŭ lion
-
Bulgarian лев / лъв lev lăv lion, lev
- English lev
-
- Serbo-Croatian лав / lav lion
-
-
West Slavic
- Czech lev lion
- Polish lew
-
- Lithuanian liūtas lion
-
-
-
West Germanic *lawe
-
Frankish *lewo
-
Middle Dutch lewe
-
Dutch leeuw
-
Dutch leeuwendaalder lion dollar
-
Bulgarian лев / лъв lev lăv lion, lev
- English lev
- Romanian leu lion
-
-
-
-
-
Old High German lewo / leō
-
Middle High German lewe / lebe
-
German Löwe lion
- German Löwenzahn dandelion
-
German Löwenmensch
- English Lion-man
- English Löwenmensch
- Yiddish לייב leyb lion
-
-
-
Old Saxon
-
Middle Low German lowe
-
Danish løve lion
- Kalaallisut løveq
- Latvian lauva lion
-
-
-
-
Old Irish léo / léoman lion
-
Middle Irish
- Irish leon lion
- Scottish Gaelic leòmhann lion
-
-
Old Norse
- Icelandic ljón lion
-
Swedish lejon lion
- Finnish leijona lion
- Northern Sámi lēdjon lion
-
- Romanian leu lion
- Basque lehoi
-
Brythonic *lew
-
Breton *leu
- Breton leugui
- Cornish lew lion
-
Middle Welsh llew
- Welsh llew lion
-
Middle Welsh dant y llew dandelion
- Welsh dant y llew dandelion
-
-
Classical Greek λεόπαρδος / λεοπαρδαλις leópardos leopardalis leopard [4]
- Greek λεοπάρδαλη leopárdali leopard
-
Latin leopardus leopard
- Italian leopardo leopard
- Old French leopard
-
Middle French
- French léopard leopard
-
Middle English leopard / leperd / lybard leopard
- English leopard
-
Middle Dutch leupart leopard
- Dutch luipaard leopard
- Spanish leopardo leopard
-
West Germanic *leupard *lēbard leopard
-
Old English
-
Middle English leopard / leperd / lybard leopard
- English leopard
-
-
Old High German *liebart *lēbart
-
Middle High German liebarte / liebart / lewart
- Czech levhart leopard
-
Old Polish leward leopard
-
Polish lampart leopard
- Yiddish לעמפּערט lempert leopard
-
-
-
-
-
-
Egyptian *ꜥḥꜣ rw personal name?: Warrior-Lion
-
Hebrew אהרן aharón personal name, Aaron
-
Arabic هارون hārūn
- English Harun / Haroun
-
Koine Greek Ἀαρών Aarṓn
- Greek Ααρών Aarón
- Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐍉𐌽 aharōn
-
Latin Aarōn
- English Aaron
- Yiddish אהרן arn
-
-
-
-
? **liwa? lion
-
Tyrsenian **lau **liw
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
-
Hittite *liun-?
-
Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺𒇷𒌋𒈾𒀸 Āppaliunāš protective deity of Wilusa (Troy), Leonine-Father?? [5]
-
Hellenic *Apaľun Apollo [5]
- Mycenaean Greek ...𐀟𐁊... ...pe-rjo... Apollo? Hyperion?
-
Archaic Greek
- Arcadocypriot 𐠀𐠡𐠒𐠛 / Ἀπείλων a-po-lo-ni Apeílōn Apollo
- Doric Greek Ἀπέλλων
-
Classical Greek Ἀπόλλων Apóllōn Apollo [5]
- Classical Greek Ἀπολλόδωρος Apollódōros personal name: Apollo-Gift
- Greek Απόλλων / Απόλλωνας Apóllon Apóllonas Apollo
-
Faliscan 𐌀𐌐𐌏𐌋𐌏 apolo
- Etruscan 𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌋𐌖 / 𐌀𐌐𐌋𐌖 Apulu Aplu
-
Latin Apollō / Apollōnem / Apollinem Apollo
- English Apollo
- Classical Greek Ἀπολλώνιος Apollṓnios
-
-
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀩𐀺 re-wo le-wo lion
-
Archaic Greek *lewon *lewon-
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
-
Classical Greek λέων / λεων- / λεωντ- léon leon- leont- lion
-
Classical Greek χαμαιλέων khamailéōn chameleon [1]
- Greek χαμαιλέοντας chamailéontas chameleon
-
Latin chamaeleon chameleon
- Italian camaleonte chameleon
-
Middle French cameleon chameleon
- French caméléon chameleon
- English chameleon spelling re-Latinized in 1700s
- Spanish camaleón chameleon
- Serbo-Croatian камелеон kameleon chameleon
- Russian хамелеон xameleon chameleon
- Greek λιοντάρι liontári lion
- Albanian luan
- Coptic ⲗⲉⲱⲛ leōn lion
-
Latin leō / leōnem lion
- Latin Pāpa Leō Quārtusdecimus
-
German Leopold altered by association with leo
- English Leopold
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
- Albanian luan
-
Central Romance
-
Italian lione
-
Italian liocorno unicorn
- Italian alicorno unicorn
- French licorne
- Italian leone lion
-
-
-
Insular Romance
- Sardinian leone lion
-
Western Romance
-
Old French leon / liun / lion lion
-
Middle French lyon lion
- French lion lion
- Haitian Creole lyon lion
-
Middle English lyoun / lion / leon lion
-
English lion
- Hawaiʻian liona lion
- Japanese ライオン raion lion
- English Lion-man
-
-
-
Spanish león lion
- Quechua liyun lion
-
-
Latin dēns leōnis dandelion
- German Löwenzahn dandelion
-
Central Romance
- Italian dente di leone dandelion
-
Western Romance
-
Old French dent de lion dandelion
-
Middle Welsh dant y llew dandelion
- Welsh dant y llew dandelion
-
Middle English dentdelyon dandelion
- English dandelion dandelion
-
- Spanish diente de león / diente leonés dandelion
-
-
Germanic *lewô
-
East Germanic
-
Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 laiwa lion
-
Slavic *lь̀vъ
-
East Slavic львъ / левъ lĭvŭ levŭ
- Belarusian леў ljeŭ
- Russian лев lev lion
-
Ukrainian лев lev lion
-
Ukrainian Львів Lʹviv place name and patronymic: of Lev, of Leo
- English Lviv
-
-
South Slavic
-
Old Church Slavonic ⰾⱐⰲⱏ / львъ lĭvŭ lion
-
Bulgarian лев / лъв lev lăv lion, lev
- English lev
-
- Serbo-Croatian лав / lav lion
-
-
West Slavic
- Czech lev lion
- Polish lew
-
- Lithuanian liūtas lion
-
-
-
West Germanic *lawe
-
Frankish *lewo
-
Middle Dutch lewe
-
Dutch leeuw
-
Dutch leeuwendaalder lion dollar
-
Bulgarian лев / лъв lev lăv lion, lev
- English lev
- Romanian leu lion
-
-
-
-
-
Old High German lewo / leō
-
Middle High German lewe / lebe
-
German Löwe lion
- German Löwenzahn dandelion
-
German Löwenmensch
- English Lion-man
- English Löwenmensch
- Yiddish לייב leyb lion
-
-
-
Old Saxon
-
Middle Low German lowe
-
Danish løve lion
- Kalaallisut løveq
- Latvian lauva lion
-
-
-
-
Old Irish léo / léoman lion
-
Middle Irish
- Irish leon lion
- Scottish Gaelic leòmhann lion
-
-
Old Norse
- Icelandic ljón lion
-
Swedish lejon lion
- Finnish leijona lion
- Northern Sámi lēdjon lion
-
- Romanian leu lion
- Basque lehoi
-
Brythonic *lew
-
Breton *leu
- Breton leugui
- Cornish lew lion
-
Middle Welsh llew
- Welsh llew lion
-
Middle Welsh dant y llew dandelion
- Welsh dant y llew dandelion
-
-
Classical Greek λεόπαρδος / λεοπαρδαλις leópardos leopardalis leopard [4]
- Greek λεοπάρδαλη leopárdali leopard
-
Latin leopardus leopard
- Italian leopardo leopard
- Old French leopard
-
Middle French
- French léopard leopard
-
Middle English leopard / leperd / lybard leopard
- English leopard
-
Middle Dutch leupart leopard
- Dutch luipaard leopard
- Spanish leopardo leopard
-
West Germanic *leupard *lēbard leopard
-
Old English
-
Middle English leopard / leperd / lybard leopard
- English leopard
-
-
Old High German *liebart *lēbart
-
Middle High German liebarte / liebart / lewart
- Czech levhart leopard
-
Old Polish leward leopard
-
Polish lampart leopard
- Yiddish לעמפּערט lempert leopard
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Afro-Asiatic *ʾariw- *ʾawVr- predator, large cat, lion
-
Egyptian 𓃭 rw *rīwa? lion [3]
-
? **liwa? lion
-
Tyrsenian **lau **liw
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
-
Hittite *liun-?
-
Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺𒇷𒌋𒈾𒀸 Āppaliunāš protective deity of Wilusa (Troy), Leonine-Father?? [5]
-
Hellenic *Apaľun Apollo [5]
- Mycenaean Greek ...𐀟𐁊... ...pe-rjo... Apollo? Hyperion?
-
Archaic Greek
- Arcadocypriot 𐠀𐠡𐠒𐠛 / Ἀπείλων a-po-lo-ni Apeílōn Apollo
- Doric Greek Ἀπέλλων
-
Classical Greek Ἀπόλλων Apóllōn Apollo [5]
- Classical Greek Ἀπολλόδωρος Apollódōros personal name: Apollo-Gift
- Greek Απόλλων / Απόλλωνας Apóllon Apóllonas Apollo
-
Faliscan 𐌀𐌐𐌏𐌋𐌏 apolo
- Etruscan 𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌋𐌖 / 𐌀𐌐𐌋𐌖 Apulu Aplu
-
Latin Apollō / Apollōnem / Apollinem Apollo
- English Apollo
- Classical Greek Ἀπολλώνιος Apollṓnios
-
-
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀩𐀺 re-wo le-wo lion
-
Archaic Greek *lewon *lewon-
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
-
Classical Greek λέων / λεων- / λεωντ- léon leon- leont- lion
-
Classical Greek χαμαιλέων khamailéōn chameleon [1]
- Greek χαμαιλέοντας chamailéontas chameleon
-
Latin chamaeleon chameleon
- Italian camaleonte chameleon
-
Middle French cameleon chameleon
- French caméléon chameleon
- English chameleon spelling re-Latinized in 1700s
- Spanish camaleón chameleon
- Serbo-Croatian камелеон kameleon chameleon
- Russian хамелеон xameleon chameleon
- Greek λιοντάρι liontári lion
- Albanian luan
- Coptic ⲗⲉⲱⲛ leōn lion
-
Latin leō / leōnem lion
- Latin Pāpa Leō Quārtusdecimus
-
German Leopold altered by association with leo
- English Leopold
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
- Albanian luan
-
Central Romance
-
Italian lione
-
Italian liocorno unicorn
- Italian alicorno unicorn
- French licorne
- Italian leone lion
-
-
-
Insular Romance
- Sardinian leone lion
-
Western Romance
-
Old French leon / liun / lion lion
-
Middle French lyon lion
- French lion lion
- Haitian Creole lyon lion
-
Middle English lyoun / lion / leon lion
-
English lion
- Hawaiʻian liona lion
- Japanese ライオン raion lion
- English Lion-man
-
-
-
Spanish león lion
- Quechua liyun lion
-
-
Latin dēns leōnis dandelion
- German Löwenzahn dandelion
-
Central Romance
- Italian dente di leone dandelion
-
Western Romance
-
Old French dent de lion dandelion
-
Middle Welsh dant y llew dandelion
- Welsh dant y llew dandelion
-
Middle English dentdelyon dandelion
- English dandelion dandelion
-
- Spanish diente de león / diente leonés dandelion
-
-
Germanic *lewô
-
East Germanic
-
Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 laiwa lion
-
Slavic *lь̀vъ
-
East Slavic львъ / левъ lĭvŭ levŭ
- Belarusian леў ljeŭ
- Russian лев lev lion
-
Ukrainian лев lev lion
-
Ukrainian Львів Lʹviv place name and patronymic: of Lev, of Leo
- English Lviv
-
-
South Slavic
-
Old Church Slavonic ⰾⱐⰲⱏ / львъ lĭvŭ lion
-
Bulgarian лев / лъв lev lăv lion, lev
- English lev
-
- Serbo-Croatian лав / lav lion
-
-
West Slavic
- Czech lev lion
- Polish lew
-
- Lithuanian liūtas lion
-
-
-
West Germanic *lawe
-
Frankish *lewo
-
Middle Dutch lewe
-
Dutch leeuw
-
Dutch leeuwendaalder lion dollar
-
Bulgarian лев / лъв lev lăv lion, lev
- English lev
- Romanian leu lion
-
-
-
-
-
Old High German lewo / leō
-
Middle High German lewe / lebe
-
German Löwe lion
- German Löwenzahn dandelion
-
German Löwenmensch
- English Lion-man
- English Löwenmensch
- Yiddish לייב leyb lion
-
-
-
Old Saxon
-
Middle Low German lowe
-
Danish løve lion
- Kalaallisut løveq
- Latvian lauva lion
-
-
-
-
Old Irish léo / léoman lion
-
Middle Irish
- Irish leon lion
- Scottish Gaelic leòmhann lion
-
-
Old Norse
- Icelandic ljón lion
-
Swedish lejon lion
- Finnish leijona lion
- Northern Sámi lēdjon lion
-
- Romanian leu lion
- Basque lehoi
-
Brythonic *lew
-
Breton *leu
- Breton leugui
- Cornish lew lion
-
Middle Welsh llew
- Welsh llew lion
-
Middle Welsh dant y llew dandelion
- Welsh dant y llew dandelion
-
-
Classical Greek λεόπαρδος / λεοπαρδαλις leópardos leopardalis leopard [4]
- Greek λεοπάρδαλη leopárdali leopard
-
Latin leopardus leopard
- Italian leopardo leopard
- Old French leopard
-
Middle French
- French léopard leopard
-
Middle English leopard / leperd / lybard leopard
- English leopard
-
Middle Dutch leupart leopard
- Dutch luipaard leopard
- Spanish leopardo leopard
-
West Germanic *leupard *lēbard leopard
-
Old English
-
Middle English leopard / leperd / lybard leopard
- English leopard
-
-
Old High German *liebart *lēbart
-
Middle High German liebarte / liebart / lewart
- Czech levhart leopard
-
Old Polish leward leopard
-
Polish lampart leopard
- Yiddish לעמפּערט lempert leopard
-
-
-
-
-
-
Egyptian *ꜥḥꜣ rw personal name?: Warrior-Lion
-
Hebrew אהרן aharón personal name, Aaron
-
Arabic هارون hārūn
- English Harun / Haroun
-
Koine Greek Ἀαρών Aarṓn
- Greek Ααρών Aarón
- Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐍉𐌽 aharōn
-
Latin Aarōn
- English Aaron
- Yiddish אהרן arn
-
-
-
-
? **liwa? lion
-
Tyrsenian **lau **liw
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
-
Hittite *liun-?
-
Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺𒇷𒌋𒈾𒀸 Āppaliunāš protective deity of Wilusa (Troy), Leonine-Father?? [5]
-
Hellenic *Apaľun Apollo [5]
- Mycenaean Greek ...𐀟𐁊... ...pe-rjo... Apollo? Hyperion?
-
Archaic Greek
- Arcadocypriot 𐠀𐠡𐠒𐠛 / Ἀπείλων a-po-lo-ni Apeílōn Apollo
- Doric Greek Ἀπέλλων
-
Classical Greek Ἀπόλλων Apóllōn Apollo [5]
- Classical Greek Ἀπολλόδωρος Apollódōros personal name: Apollo-Gift
- Greek Απόλλων / Απόλλωνας Apóllon Apóllonas Apollo
-
Faliscan 𐌀𐌐𐌏𐌋𐌏 apolo
- Etruscan 𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌋𐌖 / 𐌀𐌐𐌋𐌖 Apulu Aplu
-
Latin Apollō / Apollōnem / Apollinem Apollo
- English Apollo
- Classical Greek Ἀπολλώνιος Apollṓnios
-
-
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀩𐀺 re-wo le-wo lion
-
Archaic Greek *lewon *lewon-
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
-
Classical Greek λέων / λεων- / λεωντ- léon leon- leont- lion
-
Classical Greek χαμαιλέων khamailéōn chameleon [1]
- Greek χαμαιλέοντας chamailéontas chameleon
-
Latin chamaeleon chameleon
- Italian camaleonte chameleon
-
Middle French cameleon chameleon
- French caméléon chameleon
- English chameleon spelling re-Latinized in 1700s
- Spanish camaleón chameleon
- Serbo-Croatian камелеон kameleon chameleon
- Russian хамелеон xameleon chameleon
- Greek λιοντάρι liontári lion
- Albanian luan
- Coptic ⲗⲉⲱⲛ leōn lion
-
Latin leō / leōnem lion
- Latin Pāpa Leō Quārtusdecimus
-
German Leopold altered by association with leo
- English Leopold
- Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌖 leu lion
- Albanian luan
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Central Romance
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Italian lione
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Italian liocorno unicorn
- Italian alicorno unicorn
- French licorne
- Italian leone lion
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Insular Romance
- Sardinian leone lion
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Western Romance
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Old French leon / liun / lion lion
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Middle French lyon lion
- French lion lion
- Haitian Creole lyon lion
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Middle English lyoun / lion / leon lion
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English lion
- Hawaiʻian liona lion
- Japanese ライオン raion lion
- English Lion-man
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Spanish león lion
- Quechua liyun lion
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Latin dēns leōnis dandelion
- German Löwenzahn dandelion
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Central Romance
- Italian dente di leone dandelion
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Western Romance
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Old French dent de lion dandelion
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Middle Welsh dant y llew dandelion
- Welsh dant y llew dandelion
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Middle English dentdelyon dandelion
- English dandelion dandelion
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- Spanish diente de león / diente leonés dandelion
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Germanic *lewô
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East Germanic
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Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 laiwa lion
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Slavic *lь̀vъ
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East Slavic львъ / левъ lĭvŭ levŭ
- Belarusian леў ljeŭ
- Russian лев lev lion
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Ukrainian лев lev lion
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Ukrainian Львів Lʹviv place name and patronymic: of Lev, of Leo
- English Lviv
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South Slavic
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Old Church Slavonic ⰾⱐⰲⱏ / львъ lĭvŭ lion
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Bulgarian лев / лъв lev lăv lion, lev
- English lev
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- Serbo-Croatian лав / lav lion
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West Slavic
- Czech lev lion
- Polish lew
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- Lithuanian liūtas lion
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West Germanic *lawe
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Frankish *lewo
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Middle Dutch lewe
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Dutch leeuw
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Dutch leeuwendaalder lion dollar
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Bulgarian лев / лъв lev lăv lion, lev
- English lev
- Romanian leu lion
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Old High German lewo / leō
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Middle High German lewe / lebe
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German Löwe lion
- German Löwenzahn dandelion
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German Löwenmensch
- English Lion-man
- English Löwenmensch
- Yiddish לייב leyb lion
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Old Saxon
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Middle Low German lowe
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Danish løve lion
- Kalaallisut løveq
- Latvian lauva lion
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Old Irish léo / léoman lion
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Middle Irish
- Irish leon lion
- Scottish Gaelic leòmhann lion
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Old Norse
- Icelandic ljón lion
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Swedish lejon lion
- Finnish leijona lion
- Northern Sámi lēdjon lion
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- Romanian leu lion
- Basque lehoi
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Brythonic *lew
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Breton *leu
- Breton leugui
- Cornish lew lion
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Middle Welsh llew
- Welsh llew lion
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Middle Welsh dant y llew dandelion
- Welsh dant y llew dandelion
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Classical Greek λεόπαρδος / λεοπαρδαλις leópardos leopardalis leopard [4]
- Greek λεοπάρδαλη leopárdali leopard
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Latin leopardus leopard
- Italian leopardo leopard
- Old French leopard
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Middle French
- French léopard leopard
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Middle English leopard / leperd / lybard leopard
- English leopard
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Middle Dutch leupart leopard
- Dutch luipaard leopard
- Spanish leopardo leopard
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West Germanic *leupard *lēbard leopard
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Old English
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Middle English leopard / leperd / lybard leopard
- English leopard
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Old High German *liebart *lēbart
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Middle High German liebarte / liebart / lewart
- Czech levhart leopard
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Old Polish leward leopard
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Polish lampart leopard
- Yiddish לעמפּערט lempert leopard
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Chadic
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East Chadic
- Mubi ʾórúwà lion
- Tumak ǝ̄rǝ̄w leopard
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Cushitic
- Somali aar lion
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Tamazight *Hawar lion
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Northern Tamazight
- Kabyle ayran lion
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Tuareg
- Tamahaq ahar lion
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Semitic *ʾarway- predator, lion
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East Semitic
- Akkadian 𒀉𒄷 arûm predator, eagle
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West Semitic
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Central Semitic
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Northwest Semitic
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Aramaic אריא ʾaryā lion, Leo
- Classical Syriac ܐܪܝܐ ʾaryā lion, leprosy, Leo
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Aramaic אריותא ʾaryutā ʾarywatā lioness
- Classical Syriac ܐܪܝܘܬܐ ʾaryūṯā
- Classical Greek ἀριώθ ariṓth lioness
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Canaanite
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Hebrew אריה / ארי aryé arí lion, Leo, personal name: Lion
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Hebrew אריאל ariʾél ari'él personal name: Lion of God
- English Ariel
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Old Armenian առիւծ aṙiwc lion, Leo
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Armenian առյուծ aṙyuc lion
- Armenian ընձառյուծ ənjaṙyuc leopard
- Armenian արծվառյուծ arcvaṙyuc griffin
- Phoenician 𐤀𐤓𐤅 ʾrw lion
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- Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎆 ʾrw lion
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South Semitic
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Ethiopic
- Amharic አውሬ awre beast, wild animal
- Geʿez አርዌ ʾärwe beast, wild animal
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Visual
Collected English words
Ariel, chameleon, Leopold, Harun, Aaron, Apollo, lion, Lion-man, Lviv, lev, Löwenmensch, leopard, dandelion
Footnotes
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^
Greek χαμαιλέων khamailéōn: "chameleon" is a calque of Akkadian 𒌨𒈤𒊭𒆠 nēšu ša qaqqari: "chameleon, lizard". nēšu ša qaqqari was translated literally as "lion of the ground" but would probably be better translated as "predator that crawls".
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^
The existance of a Svan cognate to Georgian ლომი lom apparently pushes the borrowing of *lom- from whatever source back to before Svan splits from the rest of Kartvelian, estimated to be 1000 years before the next division among surviving Kartvelian languages (c. 1800 BCE vs. c. 800 BCE), which leaves a significantly smaller pool of possible sources of the borrowing, and probably represents a second hand borrowing originating in the northern Akkadian Empire.
Unless Svan borrowed it from Georgian at a later date, and it is not actually an independent descent from Proto-Kartvelian. In which case it could be borrowed from any number of different routes.
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^
Written Standard Egyptian does not preserve Afro-Asiatic *l, merging it into various liquids and glides depending on environment, to it is unclear if Egyptian rw can only come from Afro-Asiatic *ʾariw-: "lion", or if it is also a plausible reflex of Afro-Asiatic *labiwʾ-: "lion". The number of Afro-Asiatic reconstructions that both have *b in them and have an Egyptian reflex is low enough that it would take more specific expertise than mine to confirm what could have happened to the *b in *labiwʾ-.
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Greek λεόπαρδος leópardos: "leopard" is λέων + πάρδος párdos/πάρδαλις párdalis. párdos/párdalis is an Indo-Iranian borrowing meaning "leopard, panther", compare Sanskrit पृदाकु pṛ́dāku. Greek πάνθηρ pánthēr is also Indo-Iranian, quite possibly a different form of the same word.
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^
The Greeks said that the walls of Troy (Ilios Wilios) were made by Apollo, so when we find a Hittite source referencing <Āppaliunāš as the protective deity of Wilusa, that strongly suggests we're looking at connected traditions.
And Āppaliunāš sort of looks like it might be a compound of this wandering "lion" word, plus the common aba/apa for "father" (cf. Etruscan apa, Latin papa, Aramaic baba/abba, Prakrit bappa, Tibetan apʰa, Mongolic *abu, Inupiaq aapa, etc., etc.); either in Hittite or borrowed whole from another Mediterranean language. That would make Apollo "Papa-Leonine".