August theme: Horses 🐎

Introduction

This one is really cool and just might go back all the way to the original domestication of horses in Central Asia. Maybe—just maybe—the Thai word for the knight piece in chess and the Welsh word for the knight piece in chess might be cognates 5500 years separated.

Teaser

marshal, mare

Full Text

• Central Asian substrate *m()raŋ() horse?

  • Celtic *markos horse

    • Brythonic *marx horse

      • Welsh march horse
    • Gaulish markos horse

      • Galatian μάρκαν márkan
    • Old Irish

      • Irish marc horse archaic
    • Celtic *markākos horseman

      • Brythonic

        • Welsh marchog horseman, knight also the chess piece
      • Old Irish

        • Irish marcach horseman, cavalry
    • Germanic *marhaz horse

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic *marhs

          • Eastern Romance

            • Albanian magar donkey
            • Romanian măgar donkey
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse marr horse
      • West Germanic

        • Frankish *marh horse

          • Frankish *marhskalk horse-servant, stable boy

            • Italian maniscalco farrier, blacksmith
            • Old French marescal marshal person in charge of the horses for an army. Later, very high ranked officer

              • French maréchal marshal
              • French maréchal-ferrant farrier
              • English marshal
              • Spanish mariscal marshal
            • Dutch maarschalk marshal meaning changed by influence from French
        • Lombardic *marah horse

          • Lombardic *marah-hemma horse-pen

            • Italian Maremma place name, the coastal plain of southern Tuscany
      • Germanic *marhijō mare, female horse

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse merr mare

            • Danish mær
            • Icelandic meri mare
        • West Germanic

          • Old English mīere mare

            • English mare
          • Frankish *meria

            • Dutch merrie mare
          • Old High German meriha

            • German Mähre mare
  • Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ

    • Old Chinese *mrāʔ

      • Middle Chinese

        • Mandarin 馬 mǎ horse also the chess piece
      • Min

        • Hokkien 馬 bé horse
      • Tai *maːᶜ horse

        • Thai ม้า máa horse also the chess piece
        • Lao ມ້າ mā horse
    • Tibeto-Burman *mrāŋ horse

      • Tibetan རྨང rmang horse archaic
  • Korean 말 mal horse

    • Japonic *mma

      • Japanese うま uma horse also a shogi piece

        • Ainu ウンマ umma horse
      • Okinawan っんま 'nma horse
  • Mongolian ᠮᠣᠷᠢ mori horse also the chess piece
  • Nihali māv horse
  • Old Tamil 𑀫𑀸 mā horse

    • Tamil மா mā animal, beast, horse, elephant
  • Tungusic

    • Evenki мурин murin horse
    • Manchu ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ morin horse
  • Vietic *m-ŋəːʔ

    • Vietnamese ngựa horse
  • Indo-Iranian

    • Indo-Aryan

      • Sanskrit 𑀫𑀾𑀕 mṛga hoofed animal, deer, antelope

Visual

Collected English words

marshal, mare