August theme: Science fiction 🤖

Teaser

orphan, robot

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ- to be part of (a group or family)?, to owe allegiance to?, to change owernship?

  • Anatolian

    • Hittite ḫarp- to associate with, to go over to, to change allegiance
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₃orbʰyo-m inheritance? plural: *h₃orbʰyéh₂

    • Celtic *orbyom inheritance plural: *orbyā

      • Old Irish orbae inheritance, legacy
    • Germanic *arbiją heritage, inheritance

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌹 arbi heritage, inheritance
      • North Germanic ᚨᚱᛒᛁᛃᚨ arbija inheritance

        • Old Norse erfi

          • Icelandic erfi
      • West Germanic

        • Old English yrfe inheritance, property, livestock

          • Scots erf inheritance, cattle
        • Frankish *ervi inheritance, property

          • Dutch erf property, yard
        • Old High German erbi heritage

          • German Erbe heritage
      • Samic *ārpē inheritance

        • Northern Sami árbi inheritance, legacy, heritage
      • Germanic *arbijô heir

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌾𐌰 arbja heir
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse arfi heir

            • Icelandic arfi heir
        • West Germanic

          • Old English ierfa heir
          • Old High German arbeo heir

            • German Erbe heir
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰo-s orphan, servant, slave, worker

    • Old Armenian որբ orb orphan

      • Armenian որբ orb orphan
    • Balto-Slavic *arbas

      • Slavic *orbъ orphan, slave

        • East Slavic робъ robŭ

          • Ukrainian роб rob
        • South Slavic

          • Old Church Slavonic ⱃⰰⰱⱏ rabŭ servant, slave

            • Hungarian rab captive
            • Polish rab slave archaic
            • Russian раб rab slave, serf, bondsman
        • West Slavic

          • Czech rob slave, serf archaic
          • Serbo-Croatian ро̏б rȍb slave
    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek ὀρφανός orphanós orphaned, childless, dereft, destitute

        • Greek ορφανός orfanós orphaned, orphan
        • Coptic ⲟⲣⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ orphanos orphan
        • Late Latin orpahnus orphan

          • Sardinian òlfanu
          • Eastern Romance

            • Dalmatian

              • Albanian vorfën poor
            • Romanian oarfăn destitute, poor, sorrowful archaic
          • Western Romance

            • Old French orfene

              • English orphan
            • Italian orfano orphan
            • Spanish huérfano orphan
          • Vulgar Latin *orphanulinus diminutive

            • Western Romance

              • French orfelin orphan
    • Italic

      • Latin orbus bereaved, orphaned, widowed, deprived of, blind

        • Eastern Romance

          • Dalmatian vuarb blind

            • Albanian verbër blind
          • Romanian orb blind
        • Western Romance

          • Italian orbo blind, one-eyed, bereft
    • Indo-Iranian *Hárbʰas orphan, child

      • Indo-Aryan *Hárbʰas

        • Sanskrit अर्भ árbha child, childish, small, unimportant
      • Proto-Uralic *orpa orphan

        • Finno-Ugric

          • Finnic *orpoi

            • Finnish orpo orphan
          • Samic *oarpēs

            • Northern Sami oarbbis orphan
          • Mordvinic

            • Erzya уроз uroz
          • Ugric

            • Hungarian árva orphan
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰoteh₂ slavery, drudgery noun of state of being

      • Balto-Slavic

        • Slavic *orbota

          • East Slavic робота`
          • South Slavic

            • Old Church Slavonic работа rabota sevitude

              • Russian рабо́та rabóta work, toil, assignment, job
            • Serbo-Croatian рабо́та rabóta work, labor, deed
          • West Slavic

            • Czech robota sefdom, hard work, drudgery

              • Czech robot robot ^[1]

                • English robot

                  • English bot
                  • Arabic رُوبُوت rōbōt robot
                  • Japanese ロボット robotto robot
                  • Spanish robot robot
                • French robot robot

                  • Portuguese robô robot
                • Greek ρομπότ rompót robot
                • Russian ро́бот róbot robot, bot
              • Hungarian robot serfdom, forced labor, drudgery
            • Polish robota construction work, hard work, drudgery
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰoti-s drudgery, work abstract action noun

      • Germanic *arbaidiz labor, work, hardship, suffering

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 arbaiþs labor, work, toil, hardship, distress
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse erfiði

            • Old Danish ærvede
            • Icelandic erfiði toil, hard work, labor
        • West Germanic

          • Old English earfoþe work, labor, suffering, hardship, disease
          • Frankish

            • Dutch arbeid work, labor
          • Old High German arbeit

            • German Arbeit work, labor, job, task, workmanship, effort, employment

              • Japanese アルバイト arubaito part-time work, student job

                • Korean 아르바이트 areubaiteu part-time work, side job
            • Yiddish אַרבעט arbet work, labor
          • Old Saxon arvēd(i) labor, work, need, suffering

            • Low German Arbeid work, labor, job, employment
            • Danish arbejde work

Visual

Collected English words

orphan, robot, bot

Footnotes

1. ^

   "robot" was coined by Czech writer Karel Čapek for his science fiction play "R.U.R." (or "Rossum's Universal Robots") in 1920.