November theme: Spiders 🕷

Teaser

spin, spider, span, poise, peso, ponder

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *(s)pen- to stretch, to spin

  • Proto-Indo-European *(s)penH-

    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)penH-ti primary verb

      • Balto-Slavic *pinˀtei to braid, to stretch

        • Lithuanian pìnti to braid, to twine, to chatter
        • Slavic *pęti to stretch

          • East Slavic пꙗти pjati

            • Russian пять pjatʹ

              • Russian пя́тить pjátitʹ to push back, to stick out
              • Russian распя́ть raspjátʹ to crucify lit. "to stretch apart"
          • South Slavic

            • Old Church Slavonic пѧти pęti to tie, to fix
            • Serbo-Croatian пе̑ти pȇti to climb
          • West Slavic

            • Polish piąć to climb
          • Slavic pę̀dlo loom

            • East Slavic

              • Russian пя́ло pjálo loom, tanning frame
              • Russian пя́льцы pjálʹcy embroidery hoop diminutive
          • Slavic *pǫ̀to bond, fetter

            • East Slavic

              • Russian пу́ты púty hobble, fetters, chains
            • South Slavic

              • Old Church Slavonic пѫто pǫto
              • Serbo-Croatian пу̏то pȕto pastern, hobble
            • West Slavic

              • Polish pęto jess, tether, fetter
    • Proto-Indo-European (s)pónH-os the act of spinning or stretching?

      • Hellenic

        • Ancient Greek πόνος pónos work, toil, exercise

          • Ancient Greek πονέω ponéō I work, I toil

            • Ancient Greek πονηρός ponērós toilsome, grevious, painful

              • Greek πονηρός ponirós tricky, cunning, evil
    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénH-os a thing made by spinning

      • Hellenic

        • Ancient Greek πῆνος pênos

          • Ancient Greek πήνη pḗnē thread on a bobbin, weft, bobbin, spool
          • Latin pānus thread wound around a bobbin, ear of millet, swelling, tumor

            • Vulgar Latin *dēpānō I unravel

              • Eastern Romance

                • Romanian a depăna to reel up, to wind onto a bobbin, to unravel
              • Western Romance

                • Italian dipanare to unravel, to disentangle
                • Spanish devanar to coil, to wind
            • Latin pantex belly, paunch, guts
            • Eastern Romance

              • Romanian pântece belly, womb, abdomen
            • Western Romance

              • Old French pance

                • French panse belly
                • English paunch
                • Old French panciere coat of mail

                  • Old High German

                    • German Panzer armor, armor plate, shell

                      • German Panzerkampfwagen tank lit. "armor-fight-vehicle"

                        • English panzer
                      • Danish panser armor, carapace, shell

                        • Danish panserbjørn
                    • Polish pancerz armor

                      • Russian па́нцирь páncirʹ coat of mail, armor, shell
              • Italian pancia belly, stomach, paunch

                • Italian panciera corset, girdle
              • Spanish panza paunch, belly, stomach
            • Latin pānicula tuft, panicle, swelling

              • Western Romance

                • Italian pannocchia corncob, ear, panicle
                • Spanish panocha corncob, ear, panicle
              • English panicle
            • Latin pānicum foxtail millet, panicgrass

              • Eastern Romance

                • Romanian părâng millet, esp. foxtail millet
              • Western Romance

                • French panic cockspur shrub, panicgrass

                  • English panicgrass
                • Italian panico foxtail millet

                  • Italian paniccia polenta made of chickpea flour, soggy mass, bog
              • Translingual Panicum a taxonomic genus of grasses, including the true millets ^[1]
            • Latin pānis bread, loaf, food, nourishment most descendants from the accusative: panem ^[2]

              • Sardinian pani bread
              • Eastern Romance

                • Romanian pâine bread
              • Western Romance

                • Old French

                  • French pain bread, block (of ice, soap, etc.)
                  • Old French paneterie bread-baking, storeroom for bread, sale of bread

                    • English pantry
                • Italian pane bread, block (of butter)
                • Portuguese pão bread, food

                  • Hindi पाव pāv bread
                  • Japanese パン pan bread

                    • Korean 빵 ppang bread
                  • Thai ปัง bpang bread
                • Spanish pan bread, money, work

                  • Navajo bááh (leavened) bread
    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénn̥He-ti? to be stretching or spinning n- imperfective

      • Germanic *spinnaną to spin

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐍃𐍀𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 spinnan to spin
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse spinna

            • Danish spinde to spin, to purr
            • Icelandic spinna to spin
        • West Germanic

          • Old English spinnan to spin

            • English spin

              • English spinster ^[3]
              • French spin spin (physics)
              • Japanese スピン supin spin (physics)
              • Spanish espín spin (physics)
          • Frankish *spinnan

            • Dutch spinnen to spin, to purr, to tell stories, to lie
          • Old High German spinnan

            • German spinnen to spin, to tell stories, to lie, to freakl out, to purr
            • Yiddish שפּינען shpinen to spin
        • Germanic *spinþrô spinner, spider ^[3]

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse

              • Danish spinder spinner, spider
          • West Germanic

            • Old English spīþra spider

              • English spider ^[3]
        • Germanic *spinārijaz spinner ^[3]

          • West Germanic

            • Old English spinnere spinner ^[3]

              • English spinner
            • Old High German *spinnāri

              • German Spinne spider
              • Yiddish שפּין shpin spider
            • Frankish

              • Dutch spin spider
        • Germanic *spinnilō spindle

          • West Germanic

            • Old English spinel spindle

              • English spindle
            • Frankish *spinla

              • Dutch spindel spindle, newel
              • Dutch spil axis
            • Old High German spinnila

              • German Spindel spindle
    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénō a stretch? noun

      • Germanic *spannō a span, the width of a stretched hand

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse spǫnn

            • Danish spand (hand)span, span of a bridge
            • Icelandic spönn (hand)span
        • West Germanic

          • Old English spann (hand)span

            • English span
          • Frankish

            • Old French espan (hand)span

              • French empan (hand)span
          • Old High German

            • Lombardic

              • Italian spanna (hand)span
  • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- to stretch

    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénde-ti primary verb

      • Balto-Slavic *spenˀstei

        • Lithuanian spę́sti to lay a trap
      • Italic *pendō

        • Latin pendō I hang, I weigh, I pay

          • Latin appendō

            • English append
          • Latin compendō

            • English compendium
          • Latin dispendō

            • English dispense
          • Latin expendō

            • English expense
          • Latin suspendō

            • English suspend
          • Latin pensum weight, task

            • Eastern Romance

              • Romanian păs suffering, trouble, grief
            • Western Romance

              • Old French pois weight

                • French poids weight
                • English poise
              • Italian peso weight
              • Spanish peso weight, pound

                • Spanish peso de ocho Spanish dollar lit. "weight of eight", and eight real coin

                  • Spanish peso peso

                    • English peso
                  • English pieces of eight
          • Latin pēnsō I ponder, I consider, I weigh, I purchase frequentive

            • Vulgar Latin *pēsāre

              • Eastern Romance

                • Romanian a păsa to care (about/for)
              • Western Romance

                • French peser to weigh
                • Italian pesare to weigh
                • Spanish pesar to weigh, to ponder, to be serious

                  • Spanish pesadilla nightmare
            • Medieval Latin pēnsāre

              • French penser to think, to concentrate

                • French pensif thoughtful

                  • English pensive
              • Italian pensare to think, to realize, to expect
              • Spanish pensar to think, to intend
    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pn̥dn-ti to be stretching n- imperfective

      • Germanic *spannaną to stretch, to span

        • West Germanic

          • Old English spannan to span, to fasten, to join, to link, to marry, to yoke

            • English span
          • Frankish *spannan

            • Dutch spannen to strain, to stretch
          • Old High German spannan

            • German spannen to stretch, to tighten, to harness, to span
        • Germanic *spannijaną

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse spenna

              • Danish spende
              • Icelandic spenna to tighten, to make taught, to fasten
              • Old Norse

                • Danish spænde buckle
                • Icelandic spenna stress, tension, buckle, voltage
    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pondéye-ti to make stretch causative

      • Balto-Slavic

        • Slavic *pǫditi to chase

          • East Slavic пꙋдити puditi

            • Russian пуди́ть pudítʹ to scare off, to chase
          • South Slavic

            • Serbo-Croatian пу́дити púditi to chase
          • West Slavic

            • Polish pędzić to rush, to scamper
    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pn̥déh₁ye-ti to be stretching intransitive imperfective

      • Italic *pendēō

        • Latin pendeō I hang down, I droop, I weigh

          • Western Romance

            • French pendre to hang, to droop

              • English pend(ing)
            • Italian pendere to droop, to hang, to be pending, to slope
            • Spanish pender to hang, to dangle, to be pending
          • Latin dependeō

            • English depend
          • Latin impendeō

            • English impend(ing)
          • Latin pendēns hanging, pending

            • Western Romance

              • French pendant hanging, dangling part of an earing or necklace, throughout, during

                • English pendant
              • Italian pendente pending, leaning
              • Spanish pendiente pending, hanging, pendant
          • Latin pendulus hanging, suspended, hesitant, doubtful

            • English pendulous
            • English pendulum
    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-is a stretch noun

      • Balto-Slavic

        • Slavic *pę̑dь span

          • East Slavic

            • Russian пядь pjadʹ (hand)span
          • South Slavic

            • Old Church Slavonic пѧдь pędĭ (hand)span
            • Serbo-Croatian пе̑д pȇd
          • West Slavic

            • Polish piędź (hand)span
    • Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-os stretched adjective

      • Italic *pondos

        • Latin pondus weight, pound, burden, consequence

          • Germanic *pundą pound

            • East Germanic

              • Gothic 𐍀𐌿𐌽𐌳 pund pound
            • North Germanic

              • Old Norse pund

                • Danish pund pound
                • Icelandic pund pound, wealth, possessions, talents, merit, worth
            • West Germanic

              • Old English pund pound

                • English pound
                • Scots pund pound
              • Frankish *punt

                • Dutch pond pound
              • Old High German pfunt pound

                • German Pfund pound, half kilogram
          • Slavic *pǫdъ

            • East Slavic

              • Russian пуд pud unit of mass ~18kg, pood

                • English pood
          • Latin ponderō I weigh, I ponder

            • Western Romance

              • French pondérer

                • English ponder
              • Italian ponderare
              • Spanish ponderar
          • Latin ponderōsus heavy, weighty

            • Western Romance

              • French pondéreux weighty, ponderous
              • Italian ponderoso heavy, ponderous
              • Spanish ponderoso level-headed, heavy
            • English ponderous
            • Translingual Pinus ponderosa species name of the ponderosa pine

              • English ponderosa

Visual

Collected English words

paunch, panzer, panicle, panicgrass, Panicum, pantry, spin, spinster, spider, spinner, spindle, span, append, compendium, dispense, expense, suspend, poise, peso, pieces of eight, pensive, span, pend(ing), depend, impend(ing), pendant, pendulous, pendulum, pound, pood, ponder, ponderous, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa

Footnotes

1. ^
2. ^
3. ^