June theme: Domestic Animals 🐕
Introduction
I present two families for "pig" here, partly because Armenian խոզ xoz is derivable from either family (see footnote [1])
Family 1, Indo-European *suH- pig, sow?", possibly related to Akkadian 𒊺𒄷𒌑 še-hu-u₂ and Sumerian 𒋚 šah; and family 2, Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰóryos: "pig", probably central PIE dialect (Greek, Armenian, Albanian), and a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗrs: "hedgehog" ("bristler"), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-: "to yearn, to be excited, to bristle". I give a brief select of other words from *ǵʰer-, but not a full treatment.
The traditional northeast English pig call "sooie"/"soo wee" seems likely to be related, but for that register in that region, it's hard to say if it is from Old English suga (sow), Brythonic *(s)uix, Latin suī, or Old Norse sýr, all from PIE *suH-.
Teaser
Full Text
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unknown source
- Akkadian 𒊺𒄷𒌑 še-hu-u₂ pig
- Sumerian 𒋚 šah pig
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Proto-Indo-European *suH- pig
- Albanian thi pig
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Germanic *sūz
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North Germanic
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Old Norse sýr sow (female pig)
- Danish so sow
- Icelandic sýr sow
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West Germanic
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Old High German sū
- German Sau pig, especially female
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Hellenic
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Ancient Greek ὗς hûs pig
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Ancient Greek ῠ̔́αινᾰ húaina hyena
- Greek ύαινα ýaina hyena
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Latin hyaena hyena
- English hyena
- French hyène hyena
- Italian iena hyena
- Spanish hiena hyena
- Russian гие́на gijéna hyena
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Indo-Iranian *suH-
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Iranian *huH-
- Avestan 𐬵𐬏 hū
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Northern Iranian
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Scythian
- Ossetian хуы x°y
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Italic
- Latin sūs pig
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Proto-Indo-European *suHinos?
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Balto-Slavic
- Latvian sivēns piglet
- Slavic *svinьja
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Germanic *swīną swine, pig
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 swein pig
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North Germanic
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Old Norse svín pig, swine
- Danish svin pig, swine
- Icelandic svín pig, swine
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Samic *svijnē
- Northern Sami spiidni pig
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West Germanic
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Old English swīn pig
- English swine
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Frankish *swīn
- Dutch zwijn pig, swine, bicycle
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Old High German swīn
- German Schwein swine, pig, good luck
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Germanic *mariswīną porpoise, dolphin lit. "sea-pig"
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North Germanic
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Old Norse marsvín
- Danish marsvin guinea pig, porpoise
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West Germanic
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Old English mereswīn porpoise, dolphin
- English mereswine
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Frankish *mariswīn
- Dutch meerzwijn
- French marsouin porpoise
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Old High German meriswīn
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German Meerschwein
- German Meerschweinchen guinea pig
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Italic
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Latin suīnus swine, pig-like
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian sain pork
- Italian suino swine, pig, pork
- Spanish suino
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Tocharian *suwon
- Kushean suwo pig
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Proto-Indo-European *suh₂kéh₂ sow (female pig)
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Celtic *sukkos
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Brythonic
- Welsh hwch
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Old Irish socc
- Irish soc
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Germanic *sugō
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North Germanic
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Old Norse
- Swedish sugga
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West Germanic
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Old English sugu sow
- English sow
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Frankish *soga
- Dutch zeug sow
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Indo-Iranian *huHkáh
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Iranian *huHkás
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Western Iranian
- Persian خوک xuk pig
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Old Armenian խոզ xoz pig [1]
- Armenian խոզ xoz pig
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Indo-Iranian *suHkarás
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Indo-Aryan *suHkarás
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Sanskrit सूकर sūkará pig
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Magadhi
- Bengali শুওর śuor
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Maharashtri
- Marathi डुकर ḍukara pig
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Pali 𑀲𑀽𑀓𑀭 sūkara pig
- Thai สุกร sù-gɔɔn pig, pork
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Sauraseni 𑀲𑀽𑀕𑀭 sūgara
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Madhya
- Hindi सूअर sūar pig, pork
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Pahari
- Punjabi ਸੂਰ sūr pig
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- Telugu సూకరము sūkaramu pig
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Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- to yearn, to be excited, to bristle
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Germanic *gernaz eager, willing
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Germanic *girnijaną to want, to desire
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West Germanic
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Old English giernan
- English yearn
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Hellenic
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Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐς kháris beauty, elegance, charm, grace, influence
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Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ khárisma
- English charisma
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Italic
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Latin hortor I encourage, I urge
- English exhort
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Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗrs hedgehog "bristler"
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Hellenic
- Ancient Greek χήρ khḗr
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Italic *hēr
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Latin ēr hedgehog
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Latin ēricius hedgehog
- Sardinian rizzu hedgehog
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian arici hedgehog
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Western Romance
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Old French heriçun hedgehog
- French hérisson hedgehog
- English urchin
- Italian riccio curl, lock, hedgehog, husk, sea urchin
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Spanish erizo hedgehog, sea urchin
- Spanish rizo curl, lock, highlight
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- Latin ērināceus hedgehog
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Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰóryos pig "hedgehog-oid"
- Albanian derr pig
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Old Armenian խոզ xoz pig [1]
- Armenian խոզ xoz pig
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Hellenic
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Ancient Greek χοῖρος khoîros (young) pig
- Greek χοίρος choíros pig
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Illyrian
- Ancient Greek Δερβανοί Derbanoi Illyrian Tribe
- Latin Deuri Illyrian Tribe
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Karto-Zan *ɣor-
- Georgian ღორი ɣori pig
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Zan
- Mingrelian ღეჯი ɣeǯi
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Old Armenian խոզ xoz pig [1]
- Armenian խոզ xoz pig
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Visual
Collected English words
hyena, swine, mereswine, sow, yearn, charisma, exhort, urchin
Footnotes
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Old Armenian խոզ xoz is derivable in a number of ways.
Direct derivation from regional Indo-European *ǵʰóryos: "pig". This word only shows up for sure in Greek and Albanian. Armenian is closely associated with both.
From a Kartvelian cognate of Georgian ღორი ɣori: "pig" (itself probably derived via a borrowing from the same regional Indo-European). Armenian has been in close contact with the Kartvelian languages for a long time.
From a Middle Iranian, probably Parthian, cognate of Persian خوک xuk: "pig". Armenian has many borrowings from Middle Iranian.