June theme: Domestic Animals 🐕

Introduction

I present two families for "pig" here, partly because Armenian խոզ xoz is derivable from either family (see footnote [1])

Family 1, Indo-European *suH- pig, sow?", possibly related to Akkadian 𒊺𒄷𒌑 še-hu-u₂ and Sumerian 𒋚 šah; and family 2, Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰóryos: "pig", probably central PIE dialect (Greek, Armenian, Albanian), and a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗrs: "hedgehog" ("bristler"), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-: "to yearn, to be excited, to bristle". I give a brief select of other words from *ǵʰer-, but not a full treatment.

The traditional northeast English pig call "sooie"/"soo wee" seems likely to be related, but for that register in that region, it's hard to say if it is from Old English suga (sow), Brythonic *(s)uix, Latin suī, or Old Norse sýr, all from PIE *suH-.

Teaser

1. hyena, swine, sow
2. yearn, charisma, exhort, urchin

Full Text

• unknown source

  • Akkadian 𒊺𒄷𒌑 še-hu-u₂ pig
  • Sumerian 𒋚 šah pig
  • Proto-Indo-European *suH- pig

    • Albanian thi pig
    • Germanic *sūz

      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse sýr sow (female pig)

          • Danish so sow
          • Icelandic sýr sow
      • West Germanic

        • Old High German sū

          • German Sau pig, especially female
    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek ὗς hûs pig

        • Ancient Greek ῠ̔́αινᾰ húaina hyena

          • Greek ύαινα ýaina hyena
          • Latin hyaena hyena

            • English hyena
            • French hyène hyena
            • Italian iena hyena
            • Spanish hiena hyena
          • Russian гие́на gijéna hyena
    • Indo-Iranian *suH-

      • Iranian *huH-

        • Avestan 𐬵𐬏 hū
        • Northern Iranian

          • Scythian

            • Ossetian хуы x°y
    • Italic

      • Latin sūs pig
    • Proto-Indo-European *suHinos?

      • Balto-Slavic

        • Latvian sivēns piglet
        • Slavic *svinьja
      • Germanic *swīną swine, pig

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 swein pig
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse svín pig, swine

            • Danish svin pig, swine
            • Icelandic svín pig, swine
          • Samic *svijnē

            • Northern Sami spiidni pig
        • West Germanic

          • Old English swīn pig

            • English swine
          • Frankish *swīn

            • Dutch zwijn pig, swine, bicycle
          • Old High German swīn

            • German Schwein swine, pig, good luck
        • Germanic *mariswīną porpoise, dolphin lit. "sea-pig"

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse marsvín

              • Danish marsvin guinea pig, porpoise
          • West Germanic

            • Old English mereswīn porpoise, dolphin

              • English mereswine
            • Frankish *mariswīn

              • Dutch meerzwijn
              • French marsouin porpoise
            • Old High German meriswīn

              • German Meerschwein

                • German Meerschweinchen guinea pig
      • Italic

        • Latin suīnus swine, pig-like

          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian sain pork
          • Italian suino swine, pig, pork
          • Spanish suino
    • Tocharian *suwon

      • Kushean suwo pig
    • Proto-Indo-European *suh₂kéh₂ sow (female pig)

      • Celtic *sukkos

        • Brythonic

          • Welsh hwch
        • Old Irish socc

          • Irish soc
      • Germanic *sugō

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse

            • Swedish sugga
        • West Germanic

          • Old English sugu sow

            • English sow
          • Frankish *soga

            • Dutch zeug sow
      • Indo-Iranian *huHkáh

        • Iranian *huHkás

          • Western Iranian

            • Persian خوک xuk pig
            • Old Armenian խոզ xoz pig ^[1]

              • Armenian խոզ xoz pig
        • Indo-Iranian *suHkarás

          • Indo-Aryan *suHkarás

            • Sanskrit सूकर sūkará pig

              • Magadhi

                • Bengali শুওর śuor
              • Maharashtri

                • Marathi डुकर ḍukara pig
              • Pali 𑀲𑀽𑀓𑀭 sūkara pig

                • Thai สุกร sù-gɔɔn pig, pork
              • Sauraseni 𑀲𑀽𑀕𑀭 sūgara

                • Madhya

                  • Hindi सूअर sūar pig, pork
                • Pahari

                  • Punjabi ਸੂਰ sūr pig
            • Telugu సూకరము sūkaramu pig
• Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- to yearn, to be excited, to bristle

  • Germanic *gernaz eager, willing

    • Germanic *girnijaną to want, to desire

      • West Germanic

        • Old English giernan

          • English yearn
  • Hellenic

    • Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐς kháris beauty, elegance, charm, grace, influence

      • Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ khárisma

        • English charisma
  • Italic

    • Latin hortor I encourage, I urge

      • English exhort
  • Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗrs hedgehog "bristler"

    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek χήρ khḗr
    • Italic *hēr

      • Latin ēr hedgehog

        • Latin ēricius hedgehog

          • Sardinian rizzu hedgehog
          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian arici hedgehog
          • Western Romance

            • Old French heriçun hedgehog

              • French hérisson hedgehog
              • English urchin
            • Italian riccio curl, lock, hedgehog, husk, sea urchin
            • Spanish erizo hedgehog, sea urchin

              • Spanish rizo curl, lock, highlight
          • Latin ērināceus hedgehog
    • Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰóryos pig "hedgehog-oid"

      • Albanian derr pig
      • Old Armenian խոզ xoz pig ^[1]

        • Armenian խոզ xoz pig
      • Hellenic

        • Ancient Greek χοῖρος khoîros (young) pig

          • Greek χοίρος choíros pig
      • Illyrian

        • Ancient Greek Δερβανοί Derbanoi Illyrian Tribe
        • Latin Deuri Illyrian Tribe
      • Karto-Zan *ɣor-

        • Georgian ღორი ɣori pig
        • Zan

          • Mingrelian ღეჯი ɣeǯi
        • Old Armenian խոզ xoz pig ^[1]

          • Armenian խոզ xoz pig

Visual

Collected English words

hyena, swine, mereswine, sow, yearn, charisma, exhort, urchin

Footnotes

1. ^

   Old Armenian խոզ xoz is derivable in a number of ways.

   Direct derivation from regional Indo-European *ǵʰóryos: "pig". This word only shows up for sure in Greek and Albanian. Armenian is closely associated with both.

   From a Kartvelian cognate of Georgian ღორი ɣori: "pig" (itself probably derived via a borrowing from the same regional Indo-European). Armenian has been in close contact with the Kartvelian languages for a long time.

   From a Middle Iranian, probably Parthian, cognate of Persian خوک xuk: "pig". Armenian has many borrowings from Middle Iranian.