April theme: Dinosaurs and Friends🦕

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horn, unicorn, cheer, migraine, carrot, Triceratops

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• Proto-Afro-Asiatic

  • Egyptian *qar- horn

    • Egyptian qr.tj horns (dual)
  • Semitic *qarn- horn

    • Central Semitic

      • Arabic قَرْن qarn horn, century

        • Maltese qarn horn
      • Northwest Semitic

        • Aramaic קַרְנָא
        • Canaanite

          • Hebrew קֶרֶן qéren horn, antler, light beam, corner, keratin

            • Hebrew חַד קֶרֶן ẖad-qéren unicorn
          • Phoenician 𐤍‎𐤓‎𐤒 qrn
        • Ugaritic 𐎖𐎗𐎐 qrn horn
    • East Semitic

      • Akkadian 𒋛 qarnu horn
    • South Semitic

      • Ethiopic

        • Amharic ቀንድ ḳänd horn
        • Tigrinya ቀርኒ ḳärni horn
    • Proto-Indo-European *ḱer(h₂)- horn, head, top

      • Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂nó-s horn

        • Anatolian

          • Luwian zurni

            • Persian سرنا sornâ zurna (woodwind instrument)

              • Ottoman Turkish زورنا zurnâ zurna

                • Turkish zurna

                  • English zurna
              • Middle Chinese

                • Cantonese 嗩吶 so2 naap6 suona, zurna
                • Mandarian 嗩吶 suǒnà suona, zurna

                  • English suona
        • Balto-Slavic *śírˀnāˀ horn, roe deer

          • Lithuanian stìrna roe deer
          • Slavic *sьrna roe deer, chamois

            • East Slavic сьрна sĭrna

              • Russian се́рна sérna chamois
            • South Slavic

              • Serbo-Croatian ср́на sŕna roe deer
            • West Slavic

              • Polish sarna roe deer
        • Celtic *karnos

          • Brythonic

            • Welsh carn hoof, handle, cairn, barrow
          • Gaulish *carnos

            • Ancient Greek κάρνυξ κάρνυξ Celtic war-horn, carnyx

              • Latin carnyx Gaulish war-horn, carnyx

                • English carnyx
          • Old Irish carn

            • Scottish Gaelic carn

              • Scots cairn

                • English cairn
          • Celtic *karnonos augmentative ~"great horn"?

            • Gaulish Carnonos Horned God

              • Helleno-Celtic καρνονου karnonou of the Horned God
              • Gallo-Latin [C]ernunnos Horned God
        • Germanic *hurną horn

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 haurn horn
          • North Germanic ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ horna horn ^[1]

            • Old Norse horn horn, corner, angle

              • Danish horn horn
              • Icelandic horn horn, fin, corner, angle
          • West Germanic

            • Old English horn horn

              • English horn
            • Frankish

              • Dutch hoorn horn
            • Old High German horn horn

              • German Horn horn
              • Yiddish האָרן horn horn
          • Germanic *hurnijǭ little horn, hook, corner

            • North Germanic

              • Old Norse hyrna

                • Danish hjørne corner, nook, niche, node
                • Icelandic hyrna tetrahedron, simplex
            • West Germanic

              • Old English hyrne horn, corner, angle

                • Scots hirn corner, nook, hiding place
        • Indo-Iranian *ĉr̥Hngám

          • Indo-Aryan *śr̥Hngám

            • Sanskrit शृङ्ग śṛṅgá horn, tusk, peak

              • Magadhi

                • Bengali শিঙা śiṅa horn
              • Pali siṅga
              • Sauraseni 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕 siṃga

                • Madhya

                  • Hindi सींग sīṅg horn
              • West Indo-Aryan

                • Romani shing horn
              • Telugu శృంగము śr̥ṅgamu horn, trumpet, peak, syringe
        • Italic

          • Latin cornū horn, antler, tusk

            • Sardinian corru
            • Eastern Romance

              • Dalmatian cuarno horn
              • Romanian corn horn
            • Western Romance

              • French cor horn (instrument)
              • Italian corno horn
              • Spanish cuerno horn, croissant
            • Vulgar Latin *corna

              • Western Romance

                • French corne

                  • English corner
                  • French cornet cone, post horn, cornet, inkhorn

                    • English cornet
            • Latin corneus of horn, horn-like

              • English cornea
            • Latin cornūcōpia

              • English cornucopia
            • Latin ūnicornis one-horned, unicorn

              • Western Romance

                • Old French unicorne

                  • French licorne ^[2]
                  • English unicorn
      • Proto-Indo-European *ḱérh₂sō

        • Germanic *hirzniją brain

          • West Germanic

            • Old Saxon *hirsina

              • Dutch hersenen brain
          • Germanic *hernô

            • North Germanic

              • Old Norse hjarni brain

                • Danish hjerne brain
                • Icelandic hjarni cerebrum
            • West Germanic

              • Old English hærn brain
              • Old High German hirni brain

                • German (Ge)Hirn brain
        • Hellenic

          • Ancient Greek κᾰ́ρᾱ kárā head, face, top, person

            • Vulgar Latin cara

              • Western Romance

                • Old French chiere

                  • French chère face
                  • English cheer
                • Spanish cara face, impudence, heads (on a coin)
            • Ancient Greek κρᾱνῐ́ον krāníon

              • Greek κρανίο kranío cranium, skull
              • Latin cranium cranium, skull

                • Western Romance

                  • French crâne cranium, skull
                  • Italian cranio cranium, skull
                  • Spanish cráneo cranium, skull
                • English cranium
              • Ancient Greek ἡμικρανία hēmikranía headache lit. "half-skull", calque of Egyptian gs-tp

                • Latin hēmicrānia headache, migraine

                  • Western Romance

                    • French migraine

                      • English migraine
                    • Italian micragna poverty, troubles
                    • Spanish migraña migraine
            • Ancient Greek καρῶτον karôton

              • Latin carōta carrot

                • Western Romance

                  • French carotte carrot

                    • English carrot
                  • Italian carota carrot, core, core sample
        • Indo-Iranian *ĉr̥Hšá

          • Indo-Aryan *śr̥Hṣá

            • Sanskrit शीर्ष śīrṣá head, skull

              • Sanskrit शीर्षासन śīrṣāsana head-stand
        • Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂esnh₂ collective plural

          • Hellenic

            • Ancient Greek κάρηνᾰ kárēna (mountain) peaks
      • Proto-Indo-European *ḱérh₂-os

        • Hellenic kéras

          • Ancient Greek κέρᾰς kéras horn

            • Greek κέρας kéras horn
            • Ancient Greek ῥῑνόκερως rhīnókerōs rhinoceros lit. "nose-horn"

              • Latin rhīnocerōs rhinoceros

                • English rhinoceros
            • Translingual Ceratops an obsolete genus name of Ceratopsians

              • Translingual Ceratopsia the Ceratopsians, a suborder of Ornithician dinosaurs
              • Translingual Triceratops a genus of Ceratopsians lit. "three horn face"
      • Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os

        • Old Armenian սար sar tip, top, summit, mountain

          • Armenian սար sar mountain
          • Georgian სერი seri hill
        • Indo-Iranian *ĉr̥Has

          • Indo-Aryan *śr̥Has

            • Sanskrit शिर śira head, skull, top, peak
          • Iranian *ĉr̥Hah

            • Avestan *sāra head
      • Proto-Indo-European *ḱerw-ós deer, stag lit. "horned"

        • Balto-Slavic

          • Old Prussian sirwis
          • Finno-Ugric *širwas

            • Finnic *hirvas bull elk, reindeer bull

              • Finnish hirvas stag, reindeer stag
            • Samic *sërvēs

              • Northern Sami sarvvis reindeer bull
            • Finno-Ugric *širwe

              • Finnic *hirvi

                • Finnish hirvi elk, moose, any large deer

                  • Finnish hirvieläin deer, cervid zoological
              • Samic *sërvë elk, moose

                • Northern Sami sarva moose
        • Celtic *karwos

          • Brythonic *karw

            • Welsh carw deer, hart, stag, nobleman, patron
          • Gaulish caruus
          • Old Irish carbh

            • Old Irish *carb-fíad approx. "wild deer"

              • Irish cairfhiadh stag, hart
        • Indo-Iranian *ĉr̥Hwás horn

          • Iranian *ĉr̥Hwáh horn

            • Avestan sruuā
            • Northern Iranian

              • Saka

                • Khotani (ṣ)ṣu-
              • Scythian

                • Ossetian сы sy
            • Western Iranian

              • Northwestern Iranian

                • Kurdish strū horn
                • Parthian

                  • Old Armenian սրուակ sruak
              • Old Persian

                • Persian سرو sarū‍ horn, nail
        • Italic

          • Latin cervus deer, stag

            • Sardinian cherbu
            • Eastern Romance

              • Romanian cerb deer
            • Western Romance

              • French cerf stag, hart
              • Italian cervo deer, stag
              • Spanish ciervo deer, stag
            • Translingual Cervus a taxonomic genus of deer

              • Translingual Cervidae a taxonomic family of deer
            • Latin cervārius of deer

              • Eastern Romance

                • Romanian cerbar stag beetle
              • Latin lupus cervārius lynx lit. "deer wolf"

                • Eastern Romance

                  • Dalmatian

                    • Albanian rrëqebull lynx
                    • Albanian luqerbull werewolf
                • Western Romance

                  • French loup-cervier

                    • English lusern
      • Proto-Indo-European *ḱórh₂weh₂

        • Balto-Slavic *kórˀwāˀ

          • Lithuanian kárvė cow
          • Slavic *kòrva cow

            • East Slavic корова korova

              • Russian коро́ва koróva cow
            • South Slavic

              • Serbo-Croatian крȁва krȁva cow
            • West Slavic

              • Polish krowa cow
      • Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂srom

        • Italic *kerazrom

          • Latin cerebrum brain, skull

            • English cerebrum
            • French cerebrum

              • French cérébral cerebral

                • English cerebral
            • Italian cerebro cerebrum, brain
            • Spanish cerebro brain, nerd
            • Latin cerebellum

              • Sardinian cerbedhu
              • Eastern Romance

                • Dalmatian carviale brain
                • Romanian creier brain, intelligence, mind
              • Western Romance

                • French cerveau brain
                • Italian cervello brain, mind
              • English cerebellum
      • Proto-Indo-European *kr̥h₂s-ḗr hornet

        • Balto-Slavic *śirˀšō hornet

          • Lithuanian širšė hornet
          • Slavic *sьrxy hornet

            • East Slavic шьршень šĭršenĭ

              • Russian ше́ршень šéršenʹ hornet
            • South Slavic

              • Old Church Slavonic сръшень srŭšenĭ
              • Serbo-Croatian стр̏ш(љ)ен stȑš(lj)en hornet
            • West Slavic

              • Polish szerszeń hornet
          • Finno-Ugric *šerši

            • Finnic *heršilainen ^[3]

              • Estonian herilane wasp
              • Finnish herhiläinen hornet
        • Germanic *hurznutō hornet

          • West Germanic

            • Old English hyrnetu

              • English hornet
            • Frankish *horneta

              • Dutch hoorntje hornet
            • Old High German hurniz

              • German Hornisse hornet
        • Italic *krāzrō

          • Latin crābrō hornet

            • Western Romance

              • Italian calabrone hornet
              • Spanish cambrón
      • Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂onow-os head-nodding

        • Italic *keronowos

          • Latin cernuus bowed, falling over

            • Latin cernuō I fall over, I tumble

Visual

Collected English words

zurna, suona, carnyx, cairn, horn, corner, cornet, cornea, cornucopia, unicorn, cheer, cranium, migraine, carrot, rhinoceros, Ceratops, Ceratopsia, Triceratops, Cervus, Cervidae, lusern, cerebrum, cerebral, cerebellum, hornet

Footnotes

1. ^

   We have ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ horna in Proto-Norse (or Proto-North Germanic) via the one of the Golden Horns of Gallehus (5th C Denmark). It bore the inscription, ᛖᚲᚺᛚᛖᚹᚨᚷᚨᛊᛏᛁᛉ᛬ᚺᛟᛚᛏᛁᛃᚨᛉ᛬ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ᛬ᛏᚨᚹᛁᛞᛟ᛬: "I Hlewagastiz Holtijaz made the horn".

2. ^

   Old French unicorne was re-analyzed as containing an indefinite article: une icorne. It was then re-analyzed again collapsing the article back into the word, but this time with a definite article instead: l'icorne, eventually becoming the modern French licorne.

   On the other hand, Italian for "unicorn" is liocorno, and the standard story there is that it is a blending of lione ("lion") and unicorno. I am suspicious of the idea that French and Italian could have two totally different paths to very similar words.

3. ^

   Somewhat bizarrely, Finnic adapted the borrowed *šerši from some Baltic language to later *šeršilainen, with the -lainen suffix, which is usually "inhabitant of a place" and related concepts (suffix is a compound of -la-, a topynymic suffix, plus -inen, an associative adjective suffix). So Finnish herhiläinen is perhaps "one from Hornet-Land", or perhaps "member of the Hornet Party"??