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Eärendil, Easter, air, soar, east, Austria, Australia, early, Erigeron

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- dawn, east

  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs Divinity of Dawn

    • Germanic *auzi

      • Germanic *Auziwandilaz Bright-Wanderer, Dawn-Wanderer, Morning Star personal name ^[1]

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌻 auzandil morning star (Venus), Lucifer
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse Aurvandil
        • West Germanic

          • Old English Ēarendel

            • Quenya 

              • English Eärendil
          • Old High German Orentil
          • Lombardic Auriwandalo

            • Latin Horvandillus
    • Hellenic *auhṓs

      • Classical Greek ἠώς

        • Classical Greek Ἠώς Ēṓs Divinity of Dawn

          • English Eos
    • Indo-Iranian *Háwšās

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit 𑀉𑀱𑀲𑁆 uṣás dawn, Divinity of Dawn

          • Hindi उषा uṣā dawn
          • Old Japanese *uzu

            • Old Japanese 天鈿女 Ama no Uzume Divinity of Dawn ^[2]
    • Italic *auzōs

      • Latin aurōra dawn

        • Western Romance

          • French aurore dawn, aurora
          • Italian aurora dawn
          • Spanish aurora aurora
        • English aurora

          • English aurora australis
        • Latin Aurōra Divinity of Dawn

          • English Aurora
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsro

    • Albanian err dark, darkness

      • Albanian terr dark, darkness

        • Albanian terrtohem to scowl
    • Balto-Slavic *auš(t)ra

      • Lithuanian aušrà dawn, daybreak

        • Lithuanian aušrìnis dawning, morning, dawn relational adjective

          • Lithuanian Aušrinė (of the) Dawn, Divinity of Dawn, personal name
      • Slavic *ùtro dawn

        • East Slavic

          • Russian у́тро útro morning
        • South Slavic

          • Serbo-Croatian у̏тро jȕtro morning
        • West Slavic

          • Polish jutro tomorrow
    • Germanic *Austrȭ Divinity of Spring, springtime

      • West Germanic

        • Old English Eostre festival of spring time, Divinity of Spring?, Easter

          • English Easter ^[3]
        • Old High German ōstra

          • German Ostern Easter ^[3]
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsḗr

    • Hellenic *auhḗr

      • Classical Greek ᾱ̓ήρ āḗr morning mist, mist, wind, air, color of the sky

        • Latin āēr air

          • Sardinian aera air
          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian aer air
          • Western Romance

            • French air air

              • English air
            • Spanish aire air
            • Italian aria air

              • English aria
        • Classical Syriac ܐܐܪ aar air, breeze
        • Classical Greek ἀέρος aéros of the air

          • English aero-
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsreh₂

    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek αὔρᾱ aúrā fresh air, breeze, steam

        • Latin aura air, breeze

          • Eastern Romance

            • Aromanian avrã breeze, coolness, freshness
          • Western Romance

            • Old French ore wind

              • French orage thunderstorm
            • Italian ora blow, breeze
            • Spanish orear to air
            • Spanish orate crazy person
          • English aura
          • Vulgar Latin *exaurare to rise into the air

            • Western Romance

              • Old French essorer

                • French essorer to hang out to dry
                • English soar
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsri

    • Hellenic

      • Greek αύριο ávrio tomorrow, soon
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂wōsrih₂

    • Celtic *wārī sunrise, east

      • Insular Celtic

        • Old Irish fáir
        • Brythonic

          • Welsh gwawr dawn, daybreak
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsteros east contrastive, lit. "the dawn-er of them"

    • Germanic *austraz east

      • West Germanic

        • Old English ēast

          • English east
          • Old French est east ^[4]

            • French est east ^[4]
            • Italian est east ^[4]
            • Spanish este east ^[4]
        • Old High German

          • German Ost east

            • German Österreich East Realm, Austria

              • Medieval Latin Austria Austria

                • English Austria
    • Italic *austeros

      • Latin auster southerly wind, south

        • Eastern Romance

          • Romanian austru dry wind from the south
        • Western Romance

          • Italian ostro southerly wind, the south
        • Latin austrālis southern

          • English Australia

            • Hawaiʻian ʻAukekulelia Australia
            • Irish An Astráil (The) Australia
            • Japanese オーストラリア Ōsutoraria Australia
            • Mandarin 澳大利亞 Àodàlìyà Australia

              • Mandarin 澳(洲) Ào(zhōu) Australia (Continent)

                • Vietnamese Úc (Châu) Australia (Continent)
          • English aurora australis
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂éh₂uso glow of dawn, gold

    • Balto-Slavic

      • East Baltic

        • Lithuanian áuksas gold
      • West Baltic

        • Old Prussian ausis gold
    • Latin aurum gold

      • Sardinian oru gold
      • Eastern Romance

        • Romanian aur gold
      • Western Romance

        • French or gold
        • Italian oro gold
        • Spanish oro gold

          • Navajo óola gold
      • Albanian ar gold
      • Basque urre gold
      • Old Irish ór gold

        • Irish ór gold
        • Old Irish Órfhlaith Gold-Sovereignty, Gold-Princess (personal name)

          • Irish Órfhlaith

            • English Orla
      • Welsh aur gold
      • Translingual Au
      • Latin Aurēlius Golden (family name)

        • Latin Aurelianus of the Golden (personal name)

          • Latin Aurelianum

            • Western Romance

              • French Orleans
    • Tocharian

      • Arshian wäs gold
      • Kushean yasā gold
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- day, morning

    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyr̥

      • Indo-Iranian *Háyr̥

        • Iranian

          • Avestan 𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyeri in the morning, early locative adverb

      • Albanian herët early in the morning, at dawn
      • Germanic *airi early

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂 air early, soon
        • West Germanic

          • Old English ǣr early, previous, former

            • English ere
        • Germanic *airiz earlier

          • Old Norse áðr already, before, ere, until

            • Icelandic áður before, earlier, previously
        • Germanic *airist earliest, first, foremost

          • West Germanic

            • Old English ǣrest first, at first

              • English erst

                • English erstwhile
            • Frankish *ērist

              • Dutch eerste first
            • Old High German ērist earliest, first

              • German erste first
        • Germanic *airlīkaz early "early-like"

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse árla early
          • West Germanic

            • Old English ǣrlīċ

              • English early
      • Hellenic

        • Classical Greek ἦρι êri in the morning, early

          • Classical Greek ἠρῐγένειᾰ ērigéneia early-born (Homeric epithet of Eos), dawn, day
          • Classical Greek ἠρῐγέρων ērigérōn groundsel "early-old-man"

            • Translingual Erigeron taxonomic genus in the Aster family
        • Hellenic *ayeryos

          • Classical Greek ἠέριος ēérios early in morning, at dawn
        • Hellenic *ayeriston

          • Classical Greek ᾱ̓́ρῑστον ā́rīston breakfast

Visual

Collected English words

Eärendil, Eos, aurora, aurora australis, Aurora, Easter, air, aria, aero-, aura, soar, east, Austria, Australia, Orla, Au, ere, erst, erstwhile, early, Erigeron

Footnotes

1. ^

   Both Old English ​​eorendel and Gothic auzandil are used to translate the Biblical φωσφόρος/lucifer: "light-bringer" as a title of Christ in the Second Epistle of Peter.

2. ^

   In the Old Japanese 天鈿女 Ama no Uzume—a dawn goddess with some story elements in common with Vedic 𑀉𑀱𑀲𑁆 uṣás—the meaning and origin of the uzu element is unclear, with the rest of the name translating as "[Uzu?]-Woman of Heaven". One possibility among several is that it is a borrowing of the Sanskrit, and thus "Dawn-Woman of Heaven".

3. ^

   Only Germanic langauges use cognates to "Easter" to refer to the Christian holiday. Most other languages use descendants of the Hebrew פָּסַח pasách: "Passover". For example, Italian Pasqua, Russian Па́сха Pásxa, Irish Cáisc (with regular p to c in early Latin borrowings).

4. ^

   Latin words for cardinal directions, in this case oriens/levant, were replaced or supplemented in most Romance languages by borrowings from Old English like ēast to French est. Weird.