March theme: Horses 🐎

Introduction

Two final, small "horse" families.

Teaser

ride, palfrey, road,

and

henchman

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ- to ride

  • Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ-ti primary verb

    • Germanic *rīdaną to ride

      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse ríða to ride

          • Danish ride to ride
          • Icelandic ríða to ride
      • West Germanic

        • Old English rīdan to ride

          • English ride
        • Old High German rītan to ride

          • German reiten to ride
        • Frankish rīdan to ride

          • Dutch rijden to ride, to drive

            • Welsh gorwydd horse less common than ceffyl
      • Finnic *raććas

        • Finnish ratsastaa to ride
  • Proto-Indo-European *reydʰōs the act of riding

    • Celtic *rēdos

      • Celtic *uɸorēdos horse lit. "under-riding"?

        • Brythonic *gworuɨð horse
        • Gaulish *werēdos

          • Latin verēdus fast or light breed of horse

            • Spanish veredas horse path, sidewalk
            • Late Latin paraverēdus extra horse, post horse

              • Western Romance

                • French palefroi small riding horse, palfrey

                  • English palfrey small riding horse
                • Spanish palafrén palfrey
              • Old High German pfarifrit horse

                • German Pferd horse also the chess piece
              • Frankish *pered

                • Dutch paard horse also the chess piece
    • Germanic *raidō ride, journey

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰 rēda
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse reið

          • Danish red
          • Icelandic reið ride, chariot
      • West Germanic

        • Old English rād journey, ride, expedition

          • English road
          • Scots raid expedition, raid

            • English raid
        • Old High German reita
      • Finnic

        • Finnish raide track, railroad
      • Samic *rājδō

        • Northern Sami ráidu line of reindeer
• Proto-Indo-European *kankest- horse

  • Celtic *kassikā

    • Gaulish cassica mare
    • Insular Celtic

      • Brythonic

        • Welsh caseg mare
  • Germanic *hangistaz horse, stallion

    • North Germanic

      • Old Norse hestr horse

        • Danish hest horse

          • Greenlandic Inuit hiisti horse
        • Icelandic hestur horse
        • Faroese hestur stallion, horse

          • English Hestur
    • West Germanic

      • Old English hengest horse, gelding, stallion

        • Old English *hengstmann groom "horse-man"

          • English henchman
      • Old Frankish

        • Dutch hengst stallion
      • Old High German

        • German Hengst stallion
      • Old Saxon *hengist

        • Low German Hingst horse
        • Old English Hengist ^[1]
        • Danish hingst stallion

Visual

Collected English words

ride, palfrey, road, raid, Hestur, henchman

Footnotes

1. ^

   Hengist is one of the two legendary brothers who led the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain (along with Horsa). Presumably a reflex of the Divine Horse Twins myth.