Teaser
terahertz,
Britain,
Sanskrit,
Paris,
Jakarta
Full Text
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Early Proto-Indo-European
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Anatolian
- Hittite 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 ku-e-er-zi cuts, cuts up, cuts off
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Cuneiform Luwian 𒆪𒉿𒅈𒋾 ku-wa-ar-ti to cut
- Cuneiform Luwian 𒆳𒊭𒀸𒊭𒀭 kur-ša-aš-ša-an (military) division?
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- to do, to make, to build, to cause by magic
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷért root perfective
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Celtic *kʷert
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Brythonic *perɨd
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Welsh peri to cause
- Welsh peiriant machine, engine
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Indo-Iranian *kárt
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Indo-Iranian *Hákart with augment aorist
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Indo-Aryan *Hákart
- Sanskrit 𑀅𑀓𑀭𑁆 ákar done, made aorist
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Iranian *Hákart
- Avestan 𐬗𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬝 cōrᵊt̰ aorist
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Northern Iranian
- Ossetian кӕнын kænyn to do
- Pashto کول kawә́l to do, to make
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
- Kurdish kirin to do, to make
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Old Persian 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎫𐎠 a-ku-u-t-a
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Persian کردن kardan to do, to make
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Persian ـکردن -kardan derives verbs from nouns
- Persian کار کردن kâr kardan to work, to function
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷern̥ts participle of root prefective
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Hellenic
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Classical Greek τέρας téras marvel, wonder, omen, portent, monster
- Greek τέρας téras monster
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Classical Greek τεράστιος terástios
- Greek τεράστιος terástios huge, monstrous
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English teras
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English terato-
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New Latin tera- SI prefix for multiplying by 10¹²
- English tera-
- English terahertz
- English tebi-
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥ti
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Balto-Slavic
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian kùrti to light, to build, to create, to establish
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West Baltic
- Old Prussian kūra he built only attested as 3rd sing. past.; identical to the same conjugation of Lithuanian kùrti
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥néwti imperfective
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Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti
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Indo-Aryan
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Vedic Sanskrit 𑀓𑀾𑀡𑁄𑀢𑀺 kṛṇóti does, makes
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 karóti
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Elu
- Dhivehi ކުރަނީ kuranī to do, to work
- Sinhala කරනවා karanawā to do
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Magadhi
- Bengali করা kôra to do
- Rohingya gor to do
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Maharashtri
- Pali 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 karoti to create, to do, to act
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Sauraseni 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀤𑀺 karedi
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Madhya Sauraseni
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Hindi करना karnā to do, to make, to work, to hire
- Hindi -करना -karnā derives verbs from nouns and adjectives
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Northwestern Sauraseni
- Kalasha karik to do, to say, to make
- Kashmiri کَرُن karun to do
- Nepali गर्नु garnu to do, to perform
- Punjabi ਕਰਨਾ karnā to do, to act, to perform
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Western Sauraseni
- Gujarati કરવું karvũ to do
- Romani kerel to do, to make, to produce
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Iranian
- Avestan 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 kərənaoiti makes, does
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Western Iranian
- Old Persian 𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐎫𐎡𐎹 ku-u-n-u-t-i-y does
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Nuristani *kunóti
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷoréyeti causative
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Indo-Iranian *kāráyati
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀢𑀺 to cause to do, to make someone do
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥tós done, made adjective
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Celtic *kʷritos
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Celtic *kʷritanī
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Early Brythonic *Prɨtanī
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Classical Greek Πρεττανία Prettanía Britain
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Latin Britannia
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Western Romance
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Old French Bretaigne
- English Britain
- English Brittany
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Brythonic *Prɨtėn
- Welsh Prydain Britain
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Latin Brittō oblique stem Brittōn-
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Western Romance
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English Briton
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Brythonic *Brɨθon Briton
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Breton brezhon
- Breton brezhoneg Breton (language)
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Welsh Brython
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Celtic *kʷritenī variant
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Brythonic
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Old Irish Cruithen Picts
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Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás
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Indo-Aryan *kr̥tás
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀾𑀢 kṛtá done, made, prepared, deed, work
- Hindi कृत kŕt done, complete, work, project
- Telugu కృతము kr̥tamu act, deed, done, complete
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Sanskrit 𑀲𑀁𑀲𑁆𑀓𑀾𑀢 saṃskṛta completely done, perfected, purified, sanctified, Sanskrit
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Elu
- Maharashtri 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀬 sakkaya Sanskrit
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Pali 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 sakkata Sanskrit, honored
- Burmese သက္ကတ sakkata Sanskrit
- Sauraseni 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀬 sakkaya Sanskrit
- Bengali সংস্কৃত śoṅskrito Sanskrit
- English Sanskrit
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Hindustani
- Hindi संस्कृत sanskŕt Sanskrit, perfect, refined
- Persian سنسکریت sanskerit Sanskrit
- Telugu సంస్కృతము saṁskr̥tamu Sanskrit
- Thai สันสกฤต sǎnsàgrìt Sanskrit
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Sanskrit 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀓𑀾𑀢 prakṛti as done, natural, original, ordinary, vernacular, Prakrit
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Pali 𑀧𑀸𑀓𑀢 pākata
- Kannada ಪಾಗದ pāgada original
- English Prakrit
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Hindustani
- Hindi प्राकृत prākŕt Prakrit
- Telugu ప్రాకృతము prākr̥tamu common, vulgar
- Thai ปรากฤต bpraagrìt Prakrit
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Sanskrit 𑀰𑀽𑀭𑀓𑀾𑀢 śūrakṛta place name: Brave Deed
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Javanese ꦯꦸꦫꦑꦂꦡ surakarta
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Sanskrit 𑀅𑀬𑁄𑀥𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀓𑀾𑀢 ayodhyākṛta place name: Unconquerably Made
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Javanese ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ngayogyakarta
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Iranian *kr̥táh
- Avestan 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 kərəta done
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Western Iranian *karta
- Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 k-r-t
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Western Iranian *-karta made by, founded by, suffix in place names
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Northwestern Iranian
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Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 -gird
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Old Armenian -կերտ -kert founded by, made of
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Old Armenian չակերտ čʿakert quotation marks, guillemet lit. "made from չ čʿ"
- Armenian չակերտ čʿakert quotation marks, guillemet
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Old Armenian Տիգրանակերտ Tigranakert place name, Founded-by-Tigranes
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Koine Greek Τιγρανόκερτα Tigranόkerta
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Armenian Տիգրանակերտ Tigranakert
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Armenian -կերտ -kert
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Armenian Ստեփանակերտ Stepʿanakert place name, Founded-by-Stepan (Shaumian)
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Parthian 𐭃𐭎𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕 dastgird estate
- Old Armenian դաստակերտ dastakert estate
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Parthian 𐭅𐭓𐭅𐭃𐭊𐭓𐭕 Wērōdgird place name, Founded-by-Orodes
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Old Persian *-karta
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Old Persian *Zardakarta? place name, Made of Yellow? Founded-by-Starlings?
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Classical Greek Ζαδρακάρτα Zadrakarta
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Persian ـگرد -gerd
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Persian سوسنگرد Susangerd
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥yos
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Celtic *kʷaryos cauldron
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Brythonic *pėr
- Welsh pair cauldron, boiler, furnace
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Gaulish *parios cauldron
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Vulgar Latin *parium cauldron
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Western Romance
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Vulgar Latin *pariolum
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Central Romance
- Italian paiolo copper cooking pot, cauldron
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Western Romance
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Gaulish *Parii-?- of the cauldron? possibly referencing hot springs? compare Bourbon and Worms
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Latin Parīsiī Parisii, a Gaulish ethnicity
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Latin Lutetia Parīsiōrum place name: Lutetia of the Parisii with Lutetia, place name from Gaulish *lutos: "swampy", related to Latin lutum: "dirt, mud"
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Western Romance
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Old French Paris
- French Paris
- English Paris
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Old Irish coire cauldron
- Irish coire cauldron, boiler, corrie, whirlpool, pit
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Scottish Gaelic coire kettle, cauldron, boiler, corrie, whirlpool
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷḗrs root noun, lengthened acrostatic
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Balto-Slavic
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian kẽras divination, enchantment, sorcery
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Slavic *čarъ magic, sorcery
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East Slavic čarŭ
- Russian чары čary spell, magic, charm
- Ukrainian чар čar
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South Slavic
- Bulgarian чар čar
- Serbo-Croatian чар čar charm, allure, spell, magic
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West Slavic
- Polish czar spell, magic, charm, allure
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Slavic *čarodějь magician, wizard lit. "magic-doer"
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East Slavic čaroděi
- Russian чародей čarodej magician, wizard
- Ukrainian чародій čarodij magician, wizard
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South Slavic
- Bulgarian чародей čarodej magician, wizard
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West Slavic
- Czech čaroděj magician, wizard
- Polish czarodziej magician, wizard
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷérmn̥ deed, action action/result noun
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Indo-Iranian *kárma(n)
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Indo-Aryan *kárma(n)
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 kárman action, work, obligation, result, action leading to inevitable results, fate, karma, grammatical object
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Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 kamma
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Elu
- Dhivehi ކަން kan̊ action, work, verb, necessity
- Sinhala කම kama
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Magadhi
- Bengali কাম kam work, job, function
- Rohingya ham work
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Maharashtri 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 kamma
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Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘦 kāma
- Marathi काम kāma work, duty, function
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Pali 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 kamma deed, action, work, karma, ceremony
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Khmer កម្ម kam deed, action, activity, karma, consequence, fate
- Khmer កម្មករ kamkɑɑ worker, laborer
- Khmer សហពលកម្ម saʼhaʼpŭəllĕəʼkam coallition lit. "together-strength-action"
- Thai กรรม gam death, action, deed, ceremony, sin, misfortune, karma, grammatical object
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Sauraseni 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 kamma
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Madhya Sauraseni
- Hindi काम kām work, task, job, function
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Northwestern Sauraseni
- Kalasha krom work
- Kashmiri کٲم kạ̄m work, labor, task, action
- Punjabi ਕੰਮ kamm work, task, job
- Bengali কর্ম kormo deed, action, karma, fate, consequence
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Middle Chinese 羯磨 kɨɐt̚ muɑ karma
- Mandarin 羯磨 jiémó karma (archaic)
- Japanese 羯磨 katsuma karma
- English karma
- Hindi कर्म karm action, fate, karma, grammatical object, accusative case
- Japanese カルマ karuma karma
- Kushean kārm karma, deed
- Malay karma
- Portuguese carma karma
- Sinhala කර්ම karma karma
- Telugu కర్మ karma action, deed, grammatical object
- Telugu కర్మము karmamu action, deed
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷertōr agentive noun
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Indo-Iranian *kartā
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀸 kartā maker, doer, agent, grammatical subject
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Pali 𑀓𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑁆 kattar maker, doer, agent, grammatical subject
- Burmese ကတ္တား katta: grammatical subject
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Sauraseni
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Northwestern Sauraseni
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Punjabi ਕਰਤਾਰ kartār creator, god
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Punjabi ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰ kartārpur place name: City of God
- Hindi कर्ता kartā doer, grammatical subject
- Telugu కర్త karta doer, author, grammatical subject
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Sanskrit 𑀚𑀬𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀸 jayakarta place name: Victory-Maker
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀾𑀢𑁆𑀯 kartṛtva state of making or doing, agency, authorship
- Hindi कर्तृत्व kartŕtva agency, management
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷóros agentive noun
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Indo-Iranian *kā́ras
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭 kara doer, maker, hand, tax
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Pali 𑀓𑀭 kara
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Khmer ករ kɑɑ doer, -er, agentive suffix
- Khmer កម្មករ kamkɑɑ worker, laborer
- Hindi कर kar hand, arm, tax
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑀺𑀦𑁆 karin elephant lit. "handed, having a hand", parallel to 𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀦𑁆 hastín same meanings
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Iranian *kā́rah
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Western Iranian
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Persian کار kâr work, deed, job, business
- Gulf Arabic كار kār busy, busy person, hard worker
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Ottoman Turkish كار kâr business, profit, gain
- Turkish kâr profit
- Armenian քյար kʿyar gain, profit
- Persian ـگر -gar doer, -er, agentive suffix
- Persian کار کردن kâr kardan to work, to function
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Persian کارخانه kârxâne factory, workshop lit. "work-house"
- Georgian ქარხანა karxana factory
- Hindi कारख़ाना kārxānā workshop, factory
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Ottoman Turkish كارخانه kârhane factory, workshop, brothel "brothel" meaning perhaps by merger with Persian قر qar
- Turkish kerhane brothel
- Romanian cherhana fishery
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷerōr agentive?
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Hellenic *qelōr
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Classical Greek πέλωρ pélōr monster, monstrously large animal variant form télōr
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Classical Greek πελώριος πελώριος monstrous, prodigious, huge
- Greek πελώριος pelórios huge, gigantic
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷértis abstract/action noun
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Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥tiš
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀾𑀢𑀺 kṛtí action, creation, work, magic
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Sauraseni
- Punjabi ਕਿਰਤ kirat work, labor, business
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷértus action noun, oblique stem *kʷr̥téws
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Celtic *kʷritus
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Brythonic *prɨd
- Welsh pryd shape, form, appearance, time, mealtime, when
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Old Irish cruth shape, form
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Irish cruth
- Irish -chruthach -(i)form, having the shape of
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷéros abstract/action noun
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Germanic *hweraz cauldron
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East Germanic
- Gothic *ƕair cauldron? pot? name of the letter 𐍈 recorded by Alcuin as uuaer
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North Germanic
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Old Norse hverr cauldron, boiler, hot spring
- Icelandic hver hot spring
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West Germanic
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Indo-Iranian *káras
- Iranian *kárah
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Iranian *patikárah
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Northern Iranian
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
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Parthian 𐭐𐭃𐭊𐭓 pdkr image, statue
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Old Armenian պատկեր patker icon, image, painting, likeness, face, doll, symbol, plan
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Armenian պատկեր patker portrait, likeness, resemblance, shape, icon
- Armenian եռապատկեր eṙapatker triptych
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Old Persian 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎣𐎼 p-t-i-k-r picture, statue, representation
- Middle Persian 𐭯𐭲𐭪𐭫 patkar
- Persian پیکر peykar
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Aramaic
- Classical Syriac ܦܬܟܪܐ pəṯaḵrā idol, image
- Arabic فتكر fitakr something intense or bad, calamity, misfortune from pejorative use of "idol"
- Elamite 𒁁𒋾𒆳𒌇 bat-ti-kur-raš probably a proper name from Old Persian
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷóryos
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Indo-Iranian *kā́ryas
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀬 kāryà act, work, result, goal, to be done, proper
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Prakrit 𑀓𑀚𑁆𑀚 kajja
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Magadhi
- Bengali কাজ kaj work, effort, job, duty
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Sauraseni
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Madhya Sauraseni
- Hindi काज kāj task, work, goal, purpose
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Western Sauraseni
- Gujarati કાજ kāj work, business, goal, purpose
- Hindi कार्य kārya work, task, action, job
- Malay kerja work, job, to work
- Tamil காரியம் kāriyam task, deed, effect, result, final rites
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Iranian
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷēreh₂
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Balto-Slavic
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Slavic *čara bowl, drinking bowl
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East Slavic
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Russian чара čara cup, glass, bowl, goblet (archaic)
- Russian чарка čarka cup, glass, unit of liquid volume diminutive
- Polish czara bowl, cup, goblet
- Ukrainian чара čara
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷernos
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Balto-Slavic
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Slavic *čẽrnъ stem, offshoot, handle
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East Slavic
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Russian черен čeren handle (archaic)
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Russian черенок čerenok handle, hilt, stalk
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Russian Черенков Cherenkov surname
- English Cherenkov radiation
- Russian черешок čerešok handle, stalk
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South Slavic
- Bulgarian чрен čren
- Serbo-Croatian черјен čerjen
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West Slavic
- Czech čeřen
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Polish trzon stem, stalk, trunk, nucleus
- Polish trzonowiec molar
- Czech třeň stem (especially of a mushroom)
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-?-
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Tocharian *kar-?- cauldron? drum
- Arshian karel drum
- Kushean kerū drum
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷerH- root extension?
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷerHeh₂
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Pre-Albanian *tšerkā
- Albanian sarkë building, frame
Visual
Collected English words
teras,
terato-,
teratogenic,
tera-,
terahertz,
tebi-,
Britain,
Brittany,
Briton,
Brittonic,
Brythonic,
Sanskrit,
Prakrit,
Surakarta,
Yogyakarta,
Tigranocerta,
Tigranakert,
Stepanakert,
Borujerd,
Zadracarta,
Susangerd,
Paris,
corrie,
karma,
Kartarpur,
Jakarta,
Cherenkov radiation
Footnotes